{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:58:02Z","timestamp":1780736282562,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0317167120001468_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growing evidence showed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may present with neurological manifestations. This review aimed to determine the neurological manifestations and complications in COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167120001468_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that included cohort and case series\/reports involving a population of patients confirmed with COVID-19 infection and their neurologic manifestations. We searched the following electronic databases until April 18, 2020: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and World Health Organization database (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020180658).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167120001468_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 403 articles identified, 49 studies involving a total of 6,335 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. The random-effects modeling analysis for each neurological symptom showed the following proportional point estimates with 95% confidence intervals: \u201cheadache\u201d (0.12; 0.10\u20130.14; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 77%), \u201cdizziness\u201d (0.08; 0.05\u20130.12; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 82%), \u201cheadache and dizziness\u201d (0.09; 0.06\u20130.13; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0%), \u201cnausea\u201d (0.07; 0.04\u20130.11; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 79%), \u201cvomiting\u201d (0.05; 0.03\u20130.08; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 74%), \u201cnausea and vomiting\u201d (0.06; 0.03\u20130.11; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 83%), \u201cconfusion\u201d (0.05; 0.02\u20130.14; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 86%), and \u201cmyalgia\u201d (0.21; 0.18\u20130.25; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 85%). The most common neurological complication associated with COVID-19 infection was vascular disorders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 23); other associated conditions were encephalopathy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3), encephalitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), oculomotor nerve palsy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), isolated sudden-onset anosmia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), and Miller\u2013Fisher syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2). Most patients with neurological complications survived (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 14); a considerable number of patients died (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7); and the rest had unclear outcomes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167120001468_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review revealed that neurologic involvement may manifest in COVID-19 infection. What has initially been thought of as a primarily respiratory illness has evolved into a wide-ranging multi-organ disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2020.146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T07:37:44Z","timestamp":1594798664000},"page":"66-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Maria Epifania V.","family":"Collantes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian I.","family":"Espiritu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Charmaine C.","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veeda Michelle M.","family":"Anlacan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland Dominic G.","family":"Jamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167120001468_ref45","first-page":"194","article-title":"Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. 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