{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T09:46:13Z","timestamp":1793353573036,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606262400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0317167120002590_as1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occipital nerve regional stimulation (ONS) is reported to improve pain in several studies. We examined long-term pain and functional outcomes of ONS in an open-label prospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167120002590_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with medically refractory and disabling craniofacial pain were prospectively selected for ONS. Primary outcome was a change in mean daily pain intensity on the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in NPRS, Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Pain Disability Index (PDI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale \u2013 Revised (CESD-R), and Short Form-36 version 2 (SF36) at last follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167120002590_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen patients (mean age 49.7 \u00b1 8.4) diagnosed with occipital neuralgia (6), hemicrania continua (2), persistent idiopathic facial pain (2), post-traumatic facial pain (1), cluster headache (1), and chronic migraine (1) were enrolled. Mean NPRS improved by 2.1 \u00b1 2.1 at 6 months and 2.1 \u00b1 1.9 at last follow-up (23.5 \u00b1 18.1 months). HIT-6 decreased by 8.7 \u00b1 8.8, MIDAS decreased by 61.3 \u00b1 71.6, and PDI decreased by 17.9 \u00b1 18. SF36 physical functioning, bodily pain, and social functioning improved by 16.4 \u00b1 19.6, 18.0 \u00b1 31.6, and 26.1 \u00b1 37.3, respectively. Moderate to severe headache days (defined as \u226550% of baseline mean NPRS) were reduced by 8.9 \u00b1 10.2 days per month with ONS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167120002590_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>ONS reduced the long-term NPRS and moderate\u2013severe monthly headache days by 30% and improved functional outcomes and quality of life. A prospective registry for ONS would be helpful in accumulating a larger cohort with longer follow-up in order to improve the use of ONS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2020.259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T06:31:05Z","timestamp":1606285865000},"page":"690-697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Outcomes of Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Craniofacial Pain Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Magown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner J","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelma HT","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167120002590_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410381145"},{"key":"S0317167120002590_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.3.3.317"},{"key":"S0317167120002590_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70217-5"},{"key":"S0317167120002590_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01251.x"},{"key":"S0317167120002590_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01272.x"},{"key":"S0317167120002590_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.08.019"},{"key":"S0317167120002590_ref30","first-page":"265","article-title":"Canadian normative data for the SF-36 health survey. 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