{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:33:49Z","timestamp":1776447229370,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0317167121000020_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that frequently affects young women of reproductive age. The multidirectional interplay between MG, pregnancy, and fetal health poses a complex scenario for pregnant women with MG and the healthcare team. Here, we reviewed our local experience with MG, pregnancy, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0317167121000020_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with MG attending the Prosserman Family Neuromuscular Clinic from 2001 to 2019 and who were referred to a high-risk pregnancy clinic. MG status was defined as stable, better, or worse. Information was collected on the delivery route, pregnancy, and neonatal complications.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0317167121000020_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We identified 20 women with MG for a total of 28 pregnancies. Worsening was observed in 50% of pregnancies: 18% during pregnancy, 25% following delivery, and 7% during both. 66.7% of patients with MG duration of 2 years or less had worsening during pregnancy. Three patients who stopped immunosuppressive treatment during pregnancy worsened and one had a crisis. C-section was done in 29% of pregnancies. The rate of delivery complications was 7% and of neonatal MG was 7%.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0317167121000020_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A high proportion of MG patients worsened during pregnancy, particularly those with disease duration less than 2 years, and those who discontinued immunosuppression during pregnancy. However, pregnancy was largely unaffected, rate of neonatal MG was low, frequencies of C-section, delivery complications, and premature births were similar to the general population. While the study has limitations due to the retrospective nature, these insights provide some guidance when counseling young myasthenic women about family planning.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2021.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:32:03Z","timestamp":1610497923000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Myasthenia Gravis and Pregnancy: Toronto Specialty Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Katzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Sermer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-4883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Bril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-5-42"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25720"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref27","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and congenital myasthenic syndromes","volume":"25","author":"Ciafaloni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contin Minneap Minn."},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21883"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.01.002"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305572"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000525"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33767.x"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2017.01.021"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref11","first-page":"222","article-title":"Antiacetylcholine receptor antibody in neonatal Myasthenia gravis","volume":"135","author":"Donaldson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref21","first-page":"654","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy. Report on 13 cases","volume":"32","author":"Picone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)."},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2015.10.009"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02689.x"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004676"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389200700202"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13788"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-019-02029-0"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00051-9"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2016.05.002"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003339"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30992-0"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref22","first-page":"178","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis in pregnancy","volume":"80","author":"Mitchell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.3.447"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9926(200011)62:5<332::AID-TERA7>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref15","first-page":"1346","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis during pregnancy","volume":"58","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.9.1779"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01538.x"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e32833e263f"},{"key":"S0317167121000020_ref19","unstructured":"19. Government of Canada SC. Preterm live births in Canada, 2000 to 2013 [Internet]. 2015. Available from: https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/82-625-x\/2016001\/article\/14675-eng.htm"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences \/ Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0317167121000020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T09:19:48Z","timestamp":1615540788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0317167121000020\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0317167121000020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2021.2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-1671","2057-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0317-1671","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]}}}