{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:50:24Z","timestamp":1776952224155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0317167121000822_as1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objectives were to examine clinical characteristics, length of recovery, and the prevalence of delayed physician-documented recovery, compare clinical outcomes among those with sport-related concussion (SRC) and non-sport-related concussion (nSRC), and identify risk factors for delayed recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167121000822_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Included patients (8\u201318 years) were assessed \u226414 days post-injury at a multidisciplinary concussion program and diagnosed with an acute SRC or nSRC. Physician-documented clinical recovery was defined as returning to pre-injury symptom status, attending full-time school without symptoms, completing Return-to-Sport strategy as needed, and normal physical examination. Delayed physician-documented recovery was defined as &gt;28 days post-injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167121000822_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred and fifteen patients were included (77.8% SRC). There was no difference in loss of consciousness (SRC: 9.9% vs nSRC: 13.0%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.39) or post-traumatic amnesia (SRC: 24.1% vs SRC: 31.5%,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.15) at the time of injury or any differences in median Post-Concussion Symptom Scale scores (SRC: 20 vs nSRC: 23,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.15) at initial assessment. Among those with complete clinical follow-up, the median physician-documented clinical recovery was 20 days (SRC: 19 vs nSRC: 23;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.37). There was no difference in the proportion of patients who developed delayed physician-documented recovery (SRC: 27.7% vs nSRC: 36.1%;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.19). Higher initial symptom score increased the risk of delayed physician-documented recovery (IRR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.49). Greater material deprivation and social deprivation were associated with an increased risk of delayed physician-documented recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167121000822_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most pediatric concussion patients who undergo early medical assessment and complete follow-up appear to make a complete clinical recovery within 4 weeks, regardless of mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2021.82","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T06:24:34Z","timestamp":1619504674000},"page":"263-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Acute Sport- and Non-Sport-Related Concussions"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Ballinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"McGuinty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Girardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Zerkee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403825"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref10","unstructured":"10. Data Quality and Confidentiality Standards and Guidelines (Public) \u2013 Chapter 3 Confidentiality practices [Internet]. Available at: https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/nhs-enm\/2011\/ref\/DQ-QD\/guide_3-eng.cfm; accessed February 14, 2019."},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1203"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref18","first-page":"652","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and outcomes after sport-related concussion: a preliminary investigation","volume":"19","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617716000709","article-title":"Predictors of post-concussive symptoms in young children: injury versus non-injury related factors","volume":"22","author":"Dillard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097415"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097729"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000411"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref2","first-page":"A98","article-title":"Persistent post-concussion symptoms after pediatric traumatic brain injury: vulnerability and protective factors","volume":"35","author":"Ewing-Cobbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182aafdf5"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3555"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003550"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512455400"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.06.040"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.PEDS14524"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.067"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.075"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref21","unstructured":"21. Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation. Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation: Living Guideline on Diagnosing and Managing Pediatric Concussion. Available at: https:\/\/braininjuryguidelines.org\/pediatricconcussion\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Living-Guideline-for-Diagnosing-and-Managing-Pediatric-Concussion-v09.2019.pdf; accessed September 5, 2020."},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.PEDS16310"},{"key":"S0317167121000822_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2016.1152602"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences \/ Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0317167121000822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T14:13:00Z","timestamp":1724940780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0317167121000822\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0317167121000822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2021.82","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-1671","2057-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0317-1671","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]}}}