{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:45:16Z","timestamp":1747172716493,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S031716712200261X_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The body of evidence regarding self-management programs (SMPs) for adult chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is steadily growing, and regular updates are needed for effective decision-making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S031716712200261X_as2\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To systematically identify, critically appraise, and summarize the findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SMPs for CNCP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S031716712200261X_as3\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched relevant databases from 2009 to August 2021 and included English-language RCT publications of SMPs compared with usual care for CNCP among adults (18+ years old). The primary outcome was health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). We conducted meta-analysis using an inverse variance, random-effects model and calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) and statistical heterogeneity using the <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S031716712200261X_as4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 8538 citations, we included 28 RCTs with varying patient populations, standards for SMPs, and usual care. No RCTs were classified as having a low risk of bias. There was no evidence of a significant improvement in overall HR-QoL, irrespective of pain type, immediately post-intervention (SMD 0.01, 95%CI <jats:italic>\u2212<\/jats:italic>0.21 to 0.24; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 57%; 11 RCTs; 979 participants), 1<jats:italic>\u2013<\/jats:italic>4 months post-intervention (SMD 0.02, 95%CI <jats:italic>\u2212<\/jats:italic>0.16 to 0.20; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 48.7%; 12 RCTs; 1160 participants), and 6<jats:italic>\u2013<\/jats:italic>12 months post-intervention (SMD 0.07, 95%CI <jats:italic>\u2212<\/jats:italic>0.06 to 0.21; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 26.1%; 9 RCTs; 1404 participants). Similar findings were made for physical and mental HR-QoL, and for specific QoL assessment scales (e.g., SF-36).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S031716712200261X_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a lack of evidence that SMPs are efficacious for CNCP compared with usual care. Standardization of SMPs for CNCP and better planned\/conducted RCTs are needed to confirm these conclusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2022.261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T11:45:00Z","timestamp":1655120700000},"page":"584-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-Management Programs for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Rapid Review of Randomized Trials"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George N.","family":"Okoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otto L.T.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viraj K.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Askin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nameer","family":"Al-Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Gunderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abou-Setta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839904266792"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref15","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S208102"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.01.004"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2013.06.001"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2016.1171818"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0964528419883269"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1993.tb01892.x"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111358"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Smartphone-based remote self-management of chronic low back pain: a preliminary study","volume":"2019","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2601_01"},{"key":"S031716712200261X_ref14","unstructured":"14. 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