{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T08:16:19Z","timestamp":1780820179678,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common primary headache disorder, its effect according to sex, race and ethnicity remains unclear. We investigated disparities in sex, racial and ethnic representation in TTH clinical trials with comparison to global disease burdens. In this cross-sectional analysis, TTH clinical trials had female overrepresentation and racial and ethnic minority underrepresentation, which may affect understanding of the impact of TTH on different populations and personalized treatment development. Trial enrollment that is diverse and reflective of global disease burdens is crucial for improving study generalizability, understanding of diverse clinical presentations, and ensuring healthcare equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2024.300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T02:17:03Z","timestamp":1727317023000},"page":"521-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Disparities in the Representation of Sex, Race and Ethnicity in Tension-Type Headache Clinical Trials"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6907-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4802-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Marzoughi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR King\u2019s Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, and Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King\u2019s College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Kalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"},{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaden","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Ebadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4859-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Marissa","family":"Lagman-Bartolome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario"},{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5681-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Khosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"},{"name":"Vancouver General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref12","unstructured":"12. National Academies of Sciences E, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs; Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine; Committee on Improving the Representation of Women and Underrepresented Minorities in Clinical Trials and Research. Why diverse representation in clinical research matters and the current state of representation within the clinical research ecosystem. In: Bibbins-Domingo K, Helman A, ed. Improving representation in clinical trials and research: building research equity for women and underrepresented groups. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US); 2022."},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref5","first-page":"223","article-title":"Headache disparities in African-Americans in the United States: a narrative review","volume":"113","author":"Charleston","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(90)90309-G"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.3753"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1780121"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13281"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32759-X"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.14364"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0873"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.5.381"},{"key":"S0317167124003007_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.13749"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences \/ Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0317167124003007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:03:52Z","timestamp":1768280632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0317167124003007\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0317167124003007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2024.300","relation":{},"ISSN":["0317-1671","2057-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0317-1671","type":"print"},{"value":"2057-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]}}}