{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T13:50:04Z","timestamp":1769262604703,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0317167125104952_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic and hormonal disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may increase vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders. However, the link between PCOS and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD)-related pathology remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0317167125104952_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross-sectional study, plasma levels of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -amyloid (A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      , A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were quantified in women with PCOS and age-matched controls. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1)<\/jats:italic>\n                      and hormonal parameters were assessed. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to explore metabolic and hormonal pathways underlying biomarker alterations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0317167125104952_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 400 women (200 PCOS, 200 controls), age and BMI were comparable (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Compared with controls, PCOS participants had increased A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      , p-tau181, NfL and GFAP, a slightly higher A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and a lower A\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>all P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). p-tau181 correlated positively with HOMA-IR (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.41) and IL-6 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.36), while A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio correlated negatively with HOMA-IR (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u20130.27). In multivariable analysis, p-tau181 (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.71), IL-6 (aOR = 1.19) and TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (aOR = 1.14) were independent predictors of insulin resistance. Mediation analysis indicated that HOMA-IR, IL-6 and TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      jointly mediated \u223c 71% of the PCOS\u2013p-tau181 association, suggesting a metabolic\u2013inflammatory pathway linking PCOS to AD-related tau pathology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0317167125104952_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCOS is linked to peripheral markers of early Alzheimer\u2019s pathology, largely mediated by insulin resistance and inflammation. PCOS may provide a clinical context to explore metabolic\u2013inflammatory contributors to early neurodegenerative changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2025.10495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:40:06Z","timestamp":1769150406000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peripheral Indicators of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathology in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Bao","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pang","family":"Xiaoqing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health 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