{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:07:29Z","timestamp":1759882049791,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Neurol. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0317167125000253_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a retinal stroke with poor visual prognosis and frequent association with life-threatening conditions. Clinical guidelines and treatment options are in evolution, and Canadian data regarding CRAO are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167125000253_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with CRAO between June 1, 2019, and May 31, 2023, were included. The medical chart was reviewed for demographics, presentation factors, investigations, interventions, secondary prevention referrals and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167125000253_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy-six patients were included. Median age was 68.1 (61.4\u201381.8) years, and 60.5% were male. The site of presentation was an emergency department in 61.8%. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time from vision loss to presentation was 15.0 (3.5\u201348.0) hours; 28.9% presented within 4.5 hours. The median (IQR) time for ophthalmological consultation was 12.0 (4.6\u201322.6) hours. No patient was treated with thrombolysis. Referral for neurovascular secondary prevention occurred for 92.1%; however, referral for ocular follow-up was omitted in 21.1%. Among patients with non-arteritic CRAO, 25.7% had symptomatic carotid stenosis, and 10.5% had a cardioembolic source. Giant cell arteritis was diagnosed in 8.1% of patients over age 50. Functional visual recovery occurred for 10.5% of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0317167125000253_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this series, patients often presented within hours of CRAO and usually to an emergency department; however, no patient was treated with thrombolysis. As in other centers, delay in ophthalmological consultation and the lack of a defined CRAO treatment pathway are barriers. Patients with CRAO frequently have high-risk underlying pathology and generally do not experience meaningful improvement in vision. There is an unmet need for Canadian guidelines to standardize multidisciplinary care for CRAO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2025.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1739851082000},"page":"945-951","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Central Retinal Artery Occlusion at a Canadian Academic Center"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1987-9265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danah","family":"Albreiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Lelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2018.0209"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105988"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.054"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8702-x"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.028743"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.09.028"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.03.005"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yaoo.2024.03.001"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa095"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001409"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14735"},{"key":"S0317167125000253_ref25","unstructured":"25. 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Lindsay, MP , Mountain, A , Gubitz, G , Dowlatshahi, D , Casaubon, L , Smith, EE. Triage and initial diagnostic evaluation of transient ischemic attack and non-disabling stroke. Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations Sixth Edition. 2018. 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