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This article studies this relationship using a large-scale deindustrialization shock: the decline of New England\u2019s textile industry during the 1920s and 1930s. Consistent with prior work, we find small effects on migration and limited changes in counties\u2019 sociodemographic composition after deindustrialization. Using Social Security Administration death records linked to the 1900\u20131940 historical censuses and difference-in-differences event studies, we find reduced longevity among men born in highly exposed counties, especially among non-migrant families and those in non-urban areas. The estimates imply intent-to-treat effects of about 3.6 months, while treatment-on-the-treated calculations suggest longevity reductions of about 4.2 years for children of affected families. 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