{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T18:00:38Z","timestamp":1782151238285,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314001244_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess professional stakeholders\u2019 perceptions of the risk-communication difficulties faced during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314001244_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts involved in the management of the 2009 swine flu pandemic from different European countries. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314001244_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 25 experts from 8 European countries were interviewed: 9 from the micro-level, 10 from the meso-level, and 6 from the macro-level of employment. The interviews revealed 3 main themes: vaccine issues, communication issues, and general problems. As reasons for the low vaccination coverage, stakeholders mentioned the late arrival of the vaccines, the moderate character of the pandemic, vaccine safety concerns, and a general skepticism toward vaccination. Communication needs varied between the different levels of employment: macro- and meso-level stakeholders preferred fast information but from multiple sources; the micro-level stakeholders preferred one credible source. Throughout Europe, collaboration with the media was perceived as poor and professionals felt misunderstood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314001244_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Professional stakeholders should be enabled to access reliable information rapidly through preestablished channels; emphasis should be placed on establishing sustainable cooperations between experts and the media; and measures to improve trust in health authorities, such as the transparent communication of uncertainties, should be encouraged. (<jats:italic>Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness<\/jats:italic>. 2015;9:127-133)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2014.124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T23:07:48Z","timestamp":1435792068000},"page":"127-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Risk Communication During the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic: Stakeholder Experiences From Eight European Countries"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Cloes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amena","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Reintjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-115"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7160","DOI":"10.3402\/ehtj.v4i0.7160","article-title":"Lessons learnt from the pandemic: the need for new tools for risk and outbreak communication","volume":"4","author":"Abraham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Health Threats J"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref10","unstructured":"Sandman P , Covello V . Risk communication: Evolution and Revolution. The Peter Sandman Risk Communication Web site. http:\/\/www.psandman.com\/articles\/covello.htm. Published August 2004. Accessed June 9, 2014."},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.04.20064-en","article-title":"Influenza A(H1N1)PDM09 vaccination policies and coverage in Europe","volume":"17","author":"Mereckiene","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1569-8_1"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref7","volume-title":"Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen und Techniken","author":"Mayring","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-010-1165-1"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.2.382"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2912"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-531-92076-4"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Repr\u00e4sentative telefonische Erhebung zur Impfung gegen die pandemische Influenza (H1N1) 2009: Ergebnisse aus Befragungen bis April 2010 [in German]","volume":"25","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiologisches Bulletin"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00439.x"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00842.x"},{"key":"S1935789314001244_ref1","unstructured":"European Commission. Assessment Report on EU-wide Pandemic Vaccine Strategies. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Web site. http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/activities\/sciadvice\/_layouts\/forms\/Review_DispForm.aspx?ID=424&List=a3216f4c-f040-4f51-9f77-a96046dbfd72. Published December 15, 2010. Accessed June 9, 2014."}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789314001244","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T22:09:35Z","timestamp":1555798175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789314001244\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935789314001244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2014.124","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}}}