{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:50:15Z","timestamp":1789203015346,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394409600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314000159_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and tsunami, the World Health Organization cautioned that evacuees at shelters would be at increased risk of infectious disease transmission; however, the frequency that occurred in this population was not known.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314000159_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed medical charts of evacuees who visited medical clinics at 6 shelters from March 19, to April 8, 2011. Excluded were patients who did not reside within the shelters or whose medical records lacked a name or date. We investigated the frequency of and cumulative incidences of acute respiratory infection [ARI], acute gastroenteritis, acute jaundice syndrome, scabies, measles, pertussis, and tetanus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314000159_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1364 patients who visited 6 shelter clinics, 1167 patients (86.1%) were eligible for the study. The median total number of evacuees was 2545 (interquartile range [IQR], 2277-3009). ARI was the most common infectious disease; the median number of patients with ARI was 168.8 per week per 1000 evacuees (IQR, 64.5-186.1). Acute gastroenteritis was the second most common; the median number of patients was 23.7 per week per 1000 evacuees (IQR, 5.1-24.3). No other infectious diseases were observed. The median cumulative incidence of ARI per 1000 evacuees in each shelter was 13.1 person-days (IQR, 8.5\u201318.8). The median cumulative incidence of gastroenteritis was 1.6 person-days (IQR, 0.3\u20133.4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314000159_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and tsunami, outbreaks of ARI and acute gastroenteritis occurred in evacuation shelters. (<jats:italic>Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness<\/jats:italic>. 2014;0:1-7)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2014.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T11:02:43Z","timestamp":1394449363000},"page":"58-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Infectious Disease Frequency Among Evacuees at Shelters After the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Kawano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Watase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref20","unstructured":"Scabies. National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan website. http:\/\/www.nih.go.jp\/niid\/ja\/kansennohanashi\/380-itch-intro.html. Accessed July 8, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref15","first-page":"45","article-title":"Clinical distinction and evaluation of leptospirosis in Taiwan--a case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref9","unstructured":"The flooded area of The Great East Earthquake and Tsunamis [in Japanese]. Geospatial Information Authority of Japan website. http:\/\/www.gsi.go.jp\/common\/000059939.pdf. Accessed July 13, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1204927"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref21","unstructured":"Leptospirosis. National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan website. http:\/\/www.nih.go.jp\/niid\/ja\/kansennohanashi\/531-leptospirosis.html. Accessed July 8, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref18","unstructured":"Hepatitis A [in Japanese]. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan website. http:\/\/www.nih.go.jp\/niid\/ja\/kansennohanashi\/320-hepatitis-a-intro.html. Accessed July 8, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref16","unstructured":"WMMR Weekly Morbidity and Mortality Report Pakistan. World Health Organization website; June 15, 2007. vol 81. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac\/crises\/international\/pakistan_earthquake\/pakistan_wmmr_23.pdf. Accessed July 6, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref7","article-title":"Rapid assessment of household needs in the Houston area after Tropical Storm Allison","author":"Waring","year":"2002","journal-title":"Disaster Manag Response"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.10.003","article-title":"Update on emerging infections: news from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. notes from the field: fatal fungal soft-tissue infections after a tornado\u2013Joplin, Missouri, 2011","volume":"59","author":"Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref10","unstructured":"Watari town [in Japanese]. General Administration Division of Watari website. http:\/\/www.town.watari.miyagi.jp\/. Accessed July 13, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref12","first-page":"17","article-title":"The efficucy of common cold surveillance system at factory [in Japanese]","volume":"50","author":"Junichirou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Matsujinkai Med Assoc"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref2","unstructured":"The trends of the number of evacuees in shelters. Cabinet Office, Government of Japan website. http:\/\/www.cao.go.jp\/shien\/1-hisaisha\/pdf\/3-police.pdf. Accessed July 13, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref3","unstructured":"FAQ: Japan tsunami concerns. World Health Organization website; March 21, 2011. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac\/crises\/jpn\/faqs_tsunami\/en\/. Accessed May 27, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref19","unstructured":"Hepatitis E. National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan website. http:\/\/www.nih.go.jp\/niid\/en\/component\/content\/article\/865-iasr\/4297-tpc407.html. Accessed July 8, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7482.59"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref8","unstructured":"The situation of damage [in Japanese]. City of Ishinomaki website. http:\/\/www.city.ishinomaki.lg.jp\/cont\/10106000\/7253\/7253.html. Accessed July 10, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref5","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Surveillance for illness and injury after hurricane Katrina\u2013New Orleans, Louisiana, September 8-25, 2005","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref1","unstructured":"Countermeasures for the Great East Japan Earthquake. National Police Agency website. http:\/\/www.npa.go.jp\/english\/index.htm. Accessed July 13, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1071\/HE12903","article-title":"Using rapid assessment and response to operationalise physical activity strategic health communication campaigns in Tonga","volume":"24","author":"Turk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Promot J Austr"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2004.05.010"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(91)90154-5"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(05)70259-5"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512195"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00005549"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref25","first-page":"99","article-title":"Medical response to the 2009 Sumatra earthquake: health needs in the post-disaster period","volume":"53","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/NB07076"},{"key":"S1935789314000159_ref14","first-page":"81","article-title":"Disease pattern in earthquake affected areas of Pakistan: data from Kaghan valley","volume":"22","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789314000159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T00:09:04Z","timestamp":1555978144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789314000159\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935789314000159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2014.15","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}}}