{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:46:28Z","timestamp":1779914788588,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314000597_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami affected approximately 53 000 people in the city of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture. Approximately 30 000 people were relocated to temporary\/rental housing. The remainder re-inhabited tsunami-affected houses, and their conditions were not known. As social isolation could affect physical and psychological health, we investigated the risk of social isolation among the survivors who returned to their homes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314000597_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The surveyors went door-to-door to the tsunami-affected houses and interviewed each household between October 2011 and March 2012. The participants\u2019 risk of social isolation was assessed using 3 factors: whether they have (1) friends to talk with about their problems, (2) close neighbors, and (3) social\/family interactions. We analyzed the groups at risk of social isolation and identified the related factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314000597_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The elderly (older than age 65 years) were more likely to have close neighbors and social\/family interactions, as compared with younger persons. Persons living alone were less likely to have social\/family interactions. Non-elderly men who were living alone were the highest proportion of people without social\/family interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789314000597_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggested that men, particularly those younger than age 65 years and living alone, were at high risk of social isolation and may need attention. (<jats:italic>Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness<\/jats:italic>. 2014;0:1-8)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2014.59","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T13:36:54Z","timestamp":1405949814000},"page":"333-340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk of Social Isolation Among Great East Japan Earthquake Survivors Living in Tsunami-Affected Ishinomaki, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Machiko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazue","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20100093"},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.15.4.627"},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.2.153"},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.059"},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.3.498"},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2011.44.5.191"},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199601000-00004"},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/44.6.S207"},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref9","unstructured":"National Police Agency, Government of Japan. The white paper on police 2012 [digest edition]. http:\/\/www.npa.go.jp\/hakusyo\/h24\/english\/Contents_WHITE_PAPER_on_POLICE2012.htm. Accessed May 19, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref4","unstructured":"Map of Ishinomaki. maplandia.com website. http:\/\/www.maplandia.com\/japan\/tohoku\/miyagi\/ishinomaki\/. Accessed May 19, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref1","unstructured":"Reconstruction Agency, Government of Japan. Number of disaster-related deaths after the Great East Japan Earthquake [in Japanese]. www.reconstruction.go.jp\/topics\/20121102_sinsaikanrensi.pdf. Accessed May 19, 2013."},{"key":"S1935789314000597_ref3","unstructured":"Miyagi Prefectural Government. The countermeasures taken by the Miyagi Prefectural Government during the six-month period after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the tsunami [in Japanese]. http:\/\/www.pref.miyagi.jp\/site\/ej-earthquake\/kt-kensyou.html. 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Damages caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake [in Japanese]. http:\/\/www.pref.miyagi.jp\/site\/ej-earthquake\/km-higaizyoukyou.html. 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