{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:50:11Z","timestamp":1777495811264,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1935789317000507_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>First responders, including firefighters, police officers, emergency medical services, and company emergency response team members, have dangerous jobs that can bring them in contact with hazardous chemicals among other dangers. Limited information is available on responder injuries that occur during hazardous chemical incidents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789317000507_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed 2002-2012 data on acute chemical incidents with injured responders from 2 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry chemical incident surveillance programs. To learn more about such injuries, we performed descriptive analysis and looked for trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789317000507_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of responders among all injured people in chemical incidents has not changed over the years. Firefighters were the most frequently injured group of responders, followed by police officers. Respiratory system problems were the most often reported injury, and the respiratory irritants, ammonia, methamphetamine-related chemicals, and carbon monoxide were the chemicals more often associated with injuries. Most of the incidents with responder injuries were caused by human error or equipment failure. Firefighters wore personal protective equipment (PPE) most frequently and police officers did so rarely. Police officers\u2019 injuries were mostly associated with exposure to ammonia and methamphetamine-related chemicals. Most responders did not receive basic awareness-level hazardous material training.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789317000507_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All responders should have at least basic awareness-level hazardous material training to recognize and avoid exposure. Research on improving firefighter PPE should continue. (<jats:italic>Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness<\/jats:italic>. 2018;12:211\u2013221)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2017.50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T08:30:44Z","timestamp":1501576244000},"page":"211-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Acute Chemical Incidents With Injured First Responders, 2002-2012"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Melnikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789317000507_ref10","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 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Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2003. http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/monograph_reports\/MR1646.html."},{"key":"S1935789317000507_ref31","unstructured":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Emergency Responder Health Monitoring and Surveillance (ERHMS) website. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/erhms\/default.html. Accessed July 12, 2017."},{"key":"S1935789317000507_ref16","unstructured":"National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Fire Analysis & Research, Quincy, MA Trends in firefighter injuries 5\/15; 2015. http:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/research\/reports-and-statistics\/the-fire-service\/fatalities-and-injuries\/firefighter-injuries-in-the-united-states. 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