{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:47:20Z","timestamp":1747172840093,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551744000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1935789319000120_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was the construction and validation of a novel research instrument to quantify the degree of post-hurricane trauma and distress in an affected population. The Post-Hurricane Distress Scale (PHDS) has quantitative measures of both acute and prolonged distress, attributable to meteorological and hydrological disasters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789319000120_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A careful evaluation of existing questionnaires, as well as extensive canvasing of the post-Maria population of Puerto Rico, availed the construction of the PHDS. The PHDS consists of 20 items, organized into 4 subscales. The PHDS was pre-validated (n=79), revised, and then distributed to a broad sampling of the post-Hurricane Maria Puerto Rican population (n=597). Validation, including factor analysis, analyses of concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and internal reliability, was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789319000120_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After comparing various scales, factor loading profiles, concurrent validities, and models of fit, we show that the PHDS is best scored as a single 0\u20136 distress scale. When compared with the Traumatic Exposure Severity Scale, the PHDS shows superior concurrent validity, more accurately predicting scores for the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory, Impact of Event Scale \u2013 Revised, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 Scale. The PHDS shows good internal reliability and discriminant validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1935789319000120_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PHDS represents a novel, useful instrument for disaster first-responders and researchers. The prompt identification of high-risk populations is possible using this instrument. 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