{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:43:32Z","timestamp":1791337412158,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>On Tuesday, March 17, 2020, at noon, France became the third European country to impose a nationwide containment policy in the fight against epidemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) viral infection. Announcing that the country was at \u201cwar,\u201d President Macron called upon all to play a role in mitigating against further development of contagion. This extreme measure never seen before during peace time was the result of adapting not only the French Pandemic Influenza Plan (PIP) being applied to the national context but also real-time clinical, epidemiological, and scientific information about the evolution of COVID-19 infection in the country. The situation was further complicated by local municipal elections and political agendas by populist opinions. Despite mass communication about the importance of individual behavioral attitudes to counter disease propagation, few heeded government advice. Consequently, the situation rapidly deteriorated with increasing number of cases that started to overwhelm health services. As a result, decisive and immediate action was taken by the State for the national public health interest. This report from the field details the timely events that contributed to this extreme policy decision taken by France. A policy decision that other Western democracies have since applied as the pandemic disseminated across the globe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.82","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:42:39Z","timestamp":1586230959000},"page":"805-807","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Adaptation of the National Plan for the Prevention and Fight Against Pandemic Influenza to the 2020 COVID-19 Epidemic in France"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghanchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref12","unstructured":"12. Barry, C. (2020). Italy\u2019s coronavirus ground zero sets virtuous example. Associate Press. March 13, 2020. https:\/\/wcyb.com\/news\/nation-world\/italys-coronavirus-ground-zero-sets-virtuous-example. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref5","unstructured":"5. World Health Organization. (2017). Pandemic influenza risk management. A WHO guide to inform and harmonize national and international pandemic preparedness and response. (License CC BY NC SA 3.0 IGO). Geneva: World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/preparedness\/pandemic\/PIRM_update_052017.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref13","unstructured":"13. Graham-Harrison, E. (2020). Experience of SARS a key factor in countries\u2019 response to coronavirus. The Guardian. March 13, 2020. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/mar\/15\/experience-of-sars-key-factor-in-response-to-coronavirus. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref4","unstructured":"4. Elysee. (2020). Adresse aux Fran\u00e7ais, 16 Mars 2020. https:\/\/www.elysee.fr\/emmanuel-macron\/2020\/03\/16\/adresse-aux-francais-covid19. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref6","unstructured":"6. Le Monde. (2020). Coronavirus: des premiers cas aux annonces de Macron, les principales \u00e9tapes de l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie en France. 13 march 2020. https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/planete\/article\/2020\/03\/13\/coronavirus-des-premiers-cas-aux-annonces-de-macron-les-principales-etapes-de-l-evolution-de-l-epidemie-en-france_6032967_3244.html. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref1","unstructured":"1. Elysee. (2020). Adresse aux Fran\u00e7ais, 12 mars 2020. https:\/\/www.elysee.fr\/emmanuel-macron\/2020\/03\/12\/adresse-aux-francais. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref8","unstructured":"8. WHO. (2020). WHO director general opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. March 11, 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/dg\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref7","unstructured":"7. Girard, L , Prudhomme, C. (2020). Coronavirus: le gouvernement assure qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas de p\u00e9nurie alimentaire en France. Le Monde March 15, 2020. https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/economie\/article\/2020\/03\/15\/le-gouvernement-assure-qu-il-n-y-a-pas-de-penurie-alimentaire-en-france_6033153_3234.html. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref10","unstructured":"10. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2020). Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU\/EEA and the UK \u2013 sixth update \u2013 March 12, 2020. Stockholm: ECDC. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/RRA-sixth-update-Outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019-COVID-19.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref3","unstructured":"3. Le Monde. (2020). Coronavirus: Edouard Philippe annonce la fermeture de tous les lieux publics \u00abnon indispensables>>. (2n.d., March 14, 2020. https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2020\/03\/14\/edouard-philippe-annonce-la-fermeture-de-tous-les-lieux-publics-non-indispensables_6033110_823448.html. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60858-3","article-title":"Global health security: the wider lessons from the west African Ebola virus disease epidemic","volume":"385","author":"Heymann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref11","unstructured":"11. Bernard, S , Tilford, C , Burn-Murdoch, J . (2020). Coronavirus tracked: the latest figures as the pandemic spreads. March 18, 2020. https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/a26fbf7e-48f8-11ea-aeb3-955839e06441. Accessed March 18, 2020."},{"key":"S1935789320000828_ref2","unstructured":"2. Secr\u00e9tariat G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la D\u00e9fense et de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Nationale. (2011). Plan National de Pr\u00e9vention et de Lutte \u201cPand\u00e9mie grippale\u201d. n\u00b0850\/SGDSN\/PSE\/PSN Octobre 2011. https:\/\/solidarites-sante.gouv.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/Plan_Pandemie_Grippale_2011.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2020."}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789320000828","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T13:17:50Z","timestamp":1617974270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789320000828\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1935789320000828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2020.82","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]}}}