{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T03:08:30Z","timestamp":1773889710422,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789321003694_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Respiratory illnesses, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have resulted in millions of deaths globally. Guidance on mask-wearing in community settings has been inconsistent. This review examined the effectiveness of mask-wearing on respiratory virus transmission in community settings.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789321003694_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A search was conducted for English language reports of randomized controlled trials of mask-wearing in the community and effect on laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections or influenza-like illness. Investigators abstracted study characteristics and assessed bias. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled risk estimates.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789321003694_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Eleven studies were included. In 7 studies that evaluated influenza-like illness symptoms as an outcome (3029 participants), this study found mask-wearing associated with a decreased risk of influenza-like illness (overall risk ratio [RR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 0.96). Studies examining laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections as an outcome (10,531 participants) showed no statistically significant association between mask-wearing and infections (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.60-1.80). However, masking combined with enhanced hand hygiene was associated with a decreased risk for both influenza-like illness symptoms (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.51-1.51) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.52-1.18).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789321003694_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Masking in community settings decreases transmission of influenza-like illness. Mask-wearing combined with enhanced hand hygiene reduces transmission of influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2021.369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T08:54:37Z","timestamp":1646643277000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness of Mask-Wearing on Respiratory Illness Transmission in Community Settings: A Rapid Review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7795-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Baier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Knobloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fauzia","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasia","family":"Safdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789321003694_ref15","unstructured":"15. 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