{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T13:21:23Z","timestamp":1725024083749},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>In 2016, an outbreak of paratyphoid fever occurred in 40 cases at Qingyang town, in China. A case-control study was carried out to determine the source of this outbreak. Case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors of this outbreak. The cases were identified as patients with isolation of <jats:italic>S. Paratyphi<\/jats:italic>, controls were confirmed cases\u2019 healthy classmates, colleagues or neighbors and matched by age (\u00b15 y) and gender. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to source tracking. Totally, 40 cases were reported: 24 cases were students, and 20 (20\/24) of them were Qingyang High School students. For the case-control study, consuming Chinese egg pancakes was detected as a risk factor (OR<jats:sub>1:1<\/jats:sub> = 5.000; 95% CI: 1.710-14.640), and hand-washing before meals was protective behavior compared with seldom hand-washing (OR<jats:sub>1:1<\/jats:sub> = 23.256; 95% CI: 2.451-200.000). <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic> Paratyphi was cultured from a well water sample used for washing contents of the pancakes. Isolates from well water and paratyphoid cases showed the same PFGE patterns. Contaminated well water and Chinese egg pancakes were likely source and vehicle of this outbreak. Health education, especially handwashing, and food safety supervision should be promoted particularly in schools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2022.165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T07:03:49Z","timestamp":1671519829000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outbreak of Paratyphoid Fever Caused by Contaminated Street-Vended Food at Qingyang Town, China, 2016"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianxiang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0034"},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-4002-0"},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091313-103739"},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.01.010401"},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70301-8"},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref8","first-page":"754","article-title":"Surveillance data on typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in 2015, China","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref9","first-page":"401","article-title":"Epidemics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from 1995 through 2004 in China","volume":"20","author":"Yan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Surveil."},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000479"},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0032","article-title":"Introductory article on global burden and epidemiology of typhoid fever","volume":"99","author":"Bhutta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"S1935789322001653_ref13","unstructured":"13. 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