{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:51:15Z","timestamp":1789174275279,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789323000423_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To assess individual variation in anxiety, stress disorder, depression, insomnia, burnout, and resilience in health care workers (HCWs), 12 and 18 months after the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789323000423_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Prospective longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789323000423_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A total of 207 HCWs (74% female, 46% physicians, 44% nurses) answered; 50% scored over the cut-off for anxiety (GAD-7), 66% for PCL-C, 41% for depression (PHQ-9), 25% for ISI, and 15% started sleep inducers; 52% showed emotional exhaustion (EE), 68% detachment (DE), 39% professional efficacy (EF) at MBI; 27% completed the follow-up questionnaire 6 months later, showing a significant reduction in nearly all scores (GAD-7 median 11[5-15] vs 7[4-12] (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001); PCL-C 43[30-58] vs 37[24-50] (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05); PHQ-9 10[4-16] vs 6[3-12] (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001); ISI 10[4-15] vs 7[5-12](<jats:italic>NS<\/jats:italic>); MBI EE 25[16-35] vs 23 [15-31] (<jats:italic>NS<\/jats:italic>), DE 13[8-17] vs 12[8-17], EF 29[25-34] vs 30[25-34]. Living in a flat (OR 2.27 [1.10-4.81], high-intensity-of-care working (2.83 [1.15-7.16] increased risk of anxiety (GAD-7); age between 31-40 y (OR 2.8 [1.11-7.68], being a nurse (OR 3.56 [1.59-8.36] and high-intensity-of-care working (OR 8.43 [2.92-26.8] increased risk of pathological stress (PCL-C).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789323000423_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Nearly half of HCWs showed psychological distress, especially nurses, women, and the youngest. A mandatory job change, increasing intensity of care, working in a COVID-19 department, and being infected were negative factors; having a partner and living in a detached house were protective. Six months later, all the psychological domains showed individual improvement.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2023.42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T10:05:27Z","timestamp":1678356327000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Long-Term Exposure on Health Care Workers from a North West Italian Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6106-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Caramello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Gariglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Di 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