{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T03:52:56Z","timestamp":1762660376620,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":130,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>A mix of guidance and mandated regulations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic served to reduce the number of social contacts, to ensure distancing in public spaces, and to maintain the isolation of infected individuals. Individual variation in compliance to social distancing in Germany, relating to age, gender, or the presence of pre-existing health conditions, was examined using results from a total of 39 375 respondents to a web-based behavioral survey.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>Older people and females were more willing to engage in social distancing. Those with chronic conditions showed overall higher levels of compliance, but those with cystic fibrosis, human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV\/AIDS), and epilepsy showed less adherence to general social distancing measures but were significantly more likely to isolate in their homes. Behavioral differences partly lie in the nature of each condition, especially with those conditions likely to be exacerbated by COVID-19. Compliance differences for age and gender are largely in line with previous studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2023.54","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T07:59:38Z","timestamp":1683791978000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age, Gender, and Disease as Determinants of Social Distancing: Germany as a Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6113-9637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Lane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1644-5592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayanna","family":"Killingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark David","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref14","article-title":"Is self-reported social distancing susceptible to social desirability bias? Using the crosswise model to elicit sensitive behaviors","volume":"3","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Public Adm"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2012520117"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2020.0031"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.08.007","article-title":"isk attitudes of people with \u2018manageable\u2019 chronic disease: An analysis under prospect theory","volume":"214","author":"Rouyard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1466424007073205","article-title":"Examining gender differences in the health behaviors of Canadian university students","volume":"127","author":"Dawson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J R Soc Promot Health"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.3972"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235590"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2015954117"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201093"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref9","unstructured":"9. Jones, SP. Imperial College London COVID-19 behavioural tracker. Published 2021. Accessed November 21, 2021. https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/global-health-innovation\/what-we-do\/our-response-to-covid-19\/covid-19-behaviour-tracker"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Filippin, A Gender differences in risk attitudes. IZA World of Labor. 2022; 100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15185\/izawol.100.v2","DOI":"10.15185\/izawol.100.v2"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-213"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epa2.1091"},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref6","first-page":"371:m3731","article-title":"Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study","author":"Clift","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brit Med J."},{"key":"S193578932300054X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-8478(98)00010-2"}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S193578932300054X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T07:59:45Z","timestamp":1683791985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S193578932300054X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["S193578932300054X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2023.54","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1935-7893"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1938-744X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"e392"}}