{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:06:03Z","timestamp":1755216363419,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":215,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789325100840_sec1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The aim was to characterize reported food- and waterborne outbreaks in Finland, 2010-2020, and to test local investigation teams\u2019 preparedness to investigate outbreaks.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789325100840_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The outbreaks reported to the Finnish registry for food and waterborne outbreaks were characterized by the number of outbreaks and people fallen ill, and the causative agent. Local investigation teams\u2019 measures and their timeliness in a simulated time-constrained case study were scored and analyzed descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789325100840_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>In 537 outbreaks, 12 399 fell ill and 19 (0.15%) died. The causative agent remained unknown in 218 outbreaks. The local investigation teams\u2019 median preparedness score was 15\/29 (range 9-23) and the score differed markedly within regions. Differences in the speed of communication and the number of channels used were observed between the teams.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789325100840_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Differences between environmental health units\u2019 scores indicated inconsistency in outbreak investigations between areas in Finland. The variability in preparedness scores was high in both the highest and lowest outbreak incidence regions. Because outbreaks occur rarely in most EHU areas, preparedness exercises are necessary to maintain investigation skills. Measures to enhance sampling would be needed because the causative agent was unknown in over 1\/3 of the outbreaks. Many local investigation teams lack experience in public communication and training on communicating about outbreaks is needed.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2025.10084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T08:23:19Z","timestamp":1754295799000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nationwide Preparedness Exercise Revealed Variation in Readiness for Outbreak Investigation in Environmental Health Units in Finland, 2020"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2867-7921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruska","family":"Rimhanen-Finne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Lepist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Pihlajasaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Lund\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789325100840_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1121522"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r19","unstructured":"19. WHO, World Health Organization. WHO Simulation Exercise Manual. Geneva: WHO. Published 2017. Accessed September 27, 2023. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/254741\/WHO-WHE-CPI-2017.10-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r21","unstructured":"21. Ready, An Official Website of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Exercises. 2021. Accessed July 3, 2023. https:\/\/www.ready.gov\/exercises."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r10","first-page":"78","article-title":"Impact of climate change on foodborne infections and intoxications","volume":"8","author":"Dietrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Monit."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r12","first-page":"60","article-title":"The Foodborne Outbreak Challenge \u2013 using experiential learning to foster interdisciplinary training among students on foodborne disease outbreak investigations","volume":"17","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"JFSE."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r9","first-page":"7666","article-title":"The European Union One Health 2021 Zoonoses Report","volume":"20","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFSA Journal."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r6","unstructured":"6. STM, Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Exceptional Situations Related to Environmental Health. A Handbook for Environmental Health Care Staff Cooperation Partners. Published 2014. Accessed September 27, 2023. http:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:ISBN:978-952-00-3546-4."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r4","article-title":"The European Union One Health 2020 Zoonoses Report","volume":"19","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFSA Journal."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r1","unstructured":"1. WHO, World Health Organization. WHO Global Strategy for Food Safety 2022-2030: Towards Stronger Food Safety Systems and Global Cooperation. Published 2022. Accessed September 27, 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240057685"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70593-y"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r2","unstructured":"2. WHO, World Health Organization. Advancing Food Safety Initiatives. Strategic Plan for Food Safety Including Foodborne Zoonoses 2013-2022. Published 2013. Accessed September 27, 2023. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/101542"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037810"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r16","unstructured":"16. FFA, Finnish Food Authority. (2020). Actions in Foodborne Health Hazards \u2013 Instructions for Supervisory Authorities 4186\/04.02.00.01\/2020\/2. Accessed September 27, 2023. https:\/\/www.ruokavirasto.fi\/yritykset\/oppaat\/elintarvikevalitteinen-terveysvaara\/toiminta-elintarvikevalitteisissa-terveysvaaratilanteissa\/#id-22-viestinta."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040334"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-017-0355-3"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r8","unstructured":"8. Finnish Food Act. Published 2021. Accessed September 27, 2023. https:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/fi\/laki\/alkup\/2021\/20210297#Pidm45053757447888"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r18","unstructured":"18. WHO, World Health Organization. Surveillance and Outbreak Management of Water-related Infectious Diseases Associated with Water-supply Systems. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. Published 2019. Accessed September 27, 2023. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/329403\/9789289054454-eng.pdf."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r7","unstructured":"7. WHO, World Health Organization. Foodborne Disease Outbreaks: Guidelines for Investigation and Control. 2008. Accessed September 27, 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/foodsafety\/publications\/foodborne_disease\/outbreak_guidelines.pdf"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2601.190755"},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r17","unstructured":"17. CDC, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Issuing Foodborne Outbreak Notices. Published 2023. Accessed September 27, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/foodsafety\/outbreaks\/basics\/issuing-notices.html."},{"key":"S1935789325100840_r15","first-page":"34","article-title":"Foodborne illness outbreak investigation training needs: a survey among state public health staff in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States","volume":"24","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPHMP."}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789325100840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T08:23:32Z","timestamp":1754295812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789325100840\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["S1935789325100840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2025.10084","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1935-7893"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1938-744X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e215"}}