{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:16:39Z","timestamp":1785406599026,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":148,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103723_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melee-based terrorism refers to attacks involving non-projectile weapons such as knives or blunt objects. This study analyzes the prevalence, injury patterns, and mortality associated with melee-based terrorist attacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103723_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Global Terrorism Database from 1970 to 2020 to identify and characterize melee-related terrorist attacks worldwide. Incidents were included if melee weapons were the primary mode of assault and included injuries or death. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize attack characteristics and casualties, and negative binomial regression was performed to identify predictors of mortality outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103723_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,505 melee-related terrorist attacks were identified, resulting in 5,528 injuries and 5,110 fatalities. Each incident caused an average of 3.40 deaths and 3.67 injuries. European Region accounted for the largest proportion of attacks (25.65%), while African Region exhibited the highest death ratio, with mean number of deaths per attack at 14.54, demonstrating significantly greater rate ratio of deadly attacks (IRR = 18.33; 95% CI 10.18\u201333.01). Knives and sharp objects were the predominant weapons (58.63%), with the greatest rate ratio of death (IRR = 10.32, 95% CI 6.07\u201317.54).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103723_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melee-related terrorist attacks represent a persistent and escalating global threat with substantial mortality and injury burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2026.10372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:25:21Z","timestamp":1780039521000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Threat of Melee-related Terrorist Attacks: A Retrospective Analysis of Patterns, Mortality, and Public Health Impact"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Vadym","family":"Shapovalov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00sf92s91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Lehigh Valley Health Network"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Lagunzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4zzh67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolan","family":"Abdelsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4zzh67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quincy K","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04rq5mt64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Groussis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4zzh67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Bontrager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4zzh67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8440-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Pourmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4zzh67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789326103723_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.05.031"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02685-7"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r5","unstructured":"5. Global Terrorism Database (GTD) | START.umd.edu [Internet]. [cited 2026 Feb 15]; Available from: https:\/\/www.start.umd.edu\/data-tools\/GTD"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-025-00618-2"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000197853.49084.3c"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20408\/jti.2023.0057"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.3329"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5492\/wjccm.v3.i1.15"},{"key":"S1935789326103723_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jlme.12047"}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789326103723","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:25:22Z","timestamp":1780039522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789326103723\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["S1935789326103723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2026.10372","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e108"}}