{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T08:42:22Z","timestamp":1785400942862,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":189,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103966_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The escalating frequency and severity of disasters and the emergence of global health threats such as the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed vulnerabilities in hospital preparedness and response systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103966_sec2\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explores leaders\u2019 perceptions of the SHEPA tool\u2019s application in Saudi hospitals to enhance emergency preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103966_sec3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey of 21 Health Emergency Operations Center (HEOC) leaders assessed familiarity, usefulness, ease of use, and impact using a Likert scale and open-ended questions. Logistic regression was used to analyze differences by occupation and experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103966_sec4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study participants primarily consisted of mid-career professionals, with the majority (57.1%) falling within the 25-34 years age group. A significant gender imbalance was observed, with male participants (85.7%) vastly outnumbering their female counterparts (14.3%). Educationally, most participants held a Bachelor\u2019s degree (61.9%). Most participants (71-81%) rated the tool highly useful and impactful, though ease of use received mixed reviews. Experienced professionals valued utility more but critiqued impact (OR = 5096 for usefulness; OR = 0.07 for impact). Given the small sample size (N = 21), these logistic regression findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating rather than confirmatory. However, the consistent patterns suggested that both professional role and experience level meaningfully shaped how the SHEPA tool is perceived, with more senior and experienced staff showing both greater appreciation of its utility and critical assessment of its impacts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1935789326103966_sec5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlighted the SHEPA tool\u2019s potential to strengthen hospital emergency preparedness in Saudi Arabia, with strong endorsement from health emergency operations centers\u2019 leaders. The tool\u2019s perceived usefulness and ability to identify improvement areas align with national preparedness goals, though its ease of use and impact evaluation require refinement. The logistic regression findings are exploratory due to the limited sample size and require validation in larger, more diverse cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2026.10396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:36:57Z","timestamp":1783582617000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bridging Perceptions and Practice: HEOCs Leaders\u2019 Insights on the SHEPA Tool for Hospital Preparedness in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0083-8148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisham Hassan","family":"Ali Dinar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer Abdel Fattah","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bandar","family":"Mzahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01jgj2p89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King Fahad Medical City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma Saeed","family":"Anteef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razan","family":"Ghabban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lojain Sami","family":"AlHarbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashayr Faihan","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Obaidan","family":"Alkahes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barjas Jarad","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawaf Mana","family":"Alasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad Saleh","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030atj633","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ives","family":"Hubloue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006e5kg04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789326103966_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2022.261"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031329"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2018.138"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23288604.2020.1753464"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12338"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r8","first-page":"550","article-title":"Establishing a training standard for family medicine practitioners in healthcare emergency preparedness and crisis communication in Saudi Arabia","volume":"7","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Int Crisis Risk Commun Res."},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X18000043"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.484"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3091-0"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaa064"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103866"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r9","first-page":"109","article-title":"Factors affecting the functional preparedness of hospitals in response to disasters: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Samei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull Emerg Trauma."},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.306815"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2025.2520740"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r5","first-page":"76","article-title":"Healthcare workers\u2019 readiness and emergency preparedness at the National Center for Disaster Management, Riyadh: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Al Harbi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Merit Res J Med Med Sci."},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/JNM-2021-0037"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03874-8_5"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emergency preparedness and response capacity of primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia; a systematic review based study","volume":"33","author":"Alruwaili","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Namib Stud."},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X16000625"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/LBSJMR-11-2022-0073"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9010014"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111455"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdisas.2024.100369"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r22","first-page":"101137","article-title":"Singapore\u2019s COVID-19 crisis decision-making through centralization, legitimacy, and agility: an empirical analysis","volume":"49","author":"Asthana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac."},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1386667"},{"key":"S1935789326103966_r24","first-page":"2336","article-title":"Need for resilience healthcare facilities management (RHFM) in Malaysia\u2019s public hospitals: a critical literature review","volume":"59","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Ind Eng Oper Manag."}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789326103966","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:36:58Z","timestamp":1783582618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789326103966\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S1935789326103966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2026.10396","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e127"}}