{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:05:03Z","timestamp":1789643103937,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":259,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S193578932610425X_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After natural hazards, Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) provide critical care when national systems are overwhelmed. While their short-term effectiveness is established, their contribution to long-term health system recovery remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S193578932610425X_sec2\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the perspective of deployed members, this study explored the barriers and facilitators influencing the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of EMT interventions post-disaster.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S193578932610425X_sec3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This qualitative study used in-depth interviews with nine purposively sampled EMT members who had deployed to natural hazards. Using thematic analysis, we identified three core themes: barriers to sustaining impact, mechanisms promoting long-term effectiveness, and challenges in measuring impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S193578932610425X_sec4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poor coordination with national staff, limited knowledge transfer, logistical and cultural barriers, and the absence of structured monitoring and evaluation strategies constrained the long-term effectiveness of EMT interventions. Strategies such as local capacity building and Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) have been identified as two mechanisms through which sustainable health care programming can be implemented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S193578932610425X_sec5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings highlight a persistent tension between acute response priorities and the goal of long-term health system strengthening. This study suggests that addressing this gap requires integrating structured approaches, such as MEAL and RCCE, to better support sustainable health development post-disaster.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2026.10425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:58:47Z","timestamp":1789642727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding the Effectiveness of Emergency Medical Teams From Members\u2019 Perspectives: A Qualitative Analysis of Sustainability and Health System Strengthening in Natural Hazard-Related Disasters"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3249-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Maddah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00yhnba62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Qatar University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Najemeddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pznsd21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"American University of Beirut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gael","family":"Istanbouly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pznsd21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"American University of Beirut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Yazbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pznsd21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"American University of Beirut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imara","family":"Gluning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03wvsyq85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwalombota","family":"Kwalombota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037wke960","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Stradwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK-Med"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramnath","family":"Vadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK-Med"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Salio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01f80g185","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"World Health Organization (WHO)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S193578932610425X_r26","first-page":"57","article-title":"Thematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Braun","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Psychological Association"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61873-0"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r24","volume-title":"Evaluation Criteria: Adapted Definitions and Principles for Use","year":"2019"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X14000600"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2024.80"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r5","unstructured":"5. World Health Organization. Classification and minimum standards for emergency medical teams. World Health Organization; 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240029330"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r25","volume-title":"Emergency Medical Teams 2030 Strategy","year":"2023"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2025.70"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001025"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02572-8"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X21000893"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02343-7"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X19004291"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r12","first-page":"1","article-title":"The roles of emergency medical teams in response to Samoa\u2019s 2019 measles outbreak","volume":"14","author":"Casey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Western Pac Surveill Response J."},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21121712"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X25000664"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-024-00619-z"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooac106"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2024.343"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r1","unstructured":"1. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The Regulation and Management of International Emergency Medical Teams. IFRC. 2017. Available from: https:\/\/disasterlaw.ifrc.org\/media\/1328."},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16244983"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001889"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1803972"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X22001406"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-021-05031-x"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-04915-1"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3119"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X22000772"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003188"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30768-1"},{"key":"S193578932610425X_r9","unstructured":"9. World Health Organization. Emergency medical team response to the T\u00fcrkiye earthquake: lessons learned workshop, 15-16 June 2023. World Health Organization; 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-EURO-2024-9935-49707-74484"}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S193578932610425X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:58:51Z","timestamp":1789642731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S193578932610425X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S193578932610425X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2026.10425","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e151"}}