{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T09:39:27Z","timestamp":1792575567372,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/tdm\/tdmrep-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disaster med. public health prep."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To characterize the clinical manifestations of acute chlorine gas exposure and evaluate recovery outcomes at 48 hours and 14 days post-exposure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective observational case series of 31 patients exposed to chlorine gas during a mass incident in Sohar, Oman. Information regarding clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and post-treatment complications was collected using a structured data collection tool to ensure consistency and accuracy during data extraction. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v31.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-one patients presented to the study site and were included in the analysis. All were male with a mean age of 32.3 \u00b1 9.4 years. At presentation, 90.3% of patients were symptomatic, with respiratory manifestations being the most reported symptoms. Eight patients (25.8%) required admission, including 3 admitted to the intensive care unit. At 48-hour follow-up, 18 (58.1%) remained symptomatic. Nine of 29 patients who attended follow-up on day 14 reported persistent symptoms, most commonly cough. No fatalities occurred.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study reports on the clinical course of acute chlorine exposure, highlighting that recovery often exceeds 2 weeks. Findings underscore the need for standardized clinical management, public awareness, and more rigorous industrial safety oversight to mitigate future chemical surge impacts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2026.10468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:41:25Z","timestamp":1792572085000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chlorine Gas Exposure: Clinical Course, Outcomes, and Lessons Learned Following a Mass-Exposure Incident in Oman"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hassan","family":"Al Balushi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sohar Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al Saidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sohar Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Al Yaqdhan","family":"Al Atbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical City for Military and Security Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al Abri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sohar Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suad","family":"Al Sulaimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical City for Military and Security Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Al Balushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suwaiq Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Al Salhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sohar Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9209-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad","family":"Kazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03czfpz43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Emory University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Al Busafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0362za439","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badria","family":"Alhatali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0362za439","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1935789326104686_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eajm.2010.09"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Morim","year":"2026"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r4","unstructured":"4. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for chlorine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Published 2010. Accessed May 20, 2026. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/TSP\/ToxProfiles\/ToxProfiles.aspx?id=1079&tid=36"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r9","first-page":"274","article-title":"Accidental chlorine gas intoxication: evaluation of 39 patients","volume":"1","author":"Sever","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res."},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r12","first-page":"e199016","article-title":"A systematic review of the effect of acute, chronic, low, and high chlorine gas on people\u2019s early and delayed complications","volume":"26","author":"Rasouli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J."},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r3","volume-title":"Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals","volume":"4","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201001-008SM"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200610"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13139"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2019.1669244"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r6","unstructured":"6. Strategies XXI: Strategic Changes in Security and International Relations. Vol 2. Faculty of Security and Defense Administration; 2016. Accessed May 20, 2026. https:\/\/www.strategii21.ro\/A\/2016-04.%20STRATEGIC%20CHANGES%20IN%20SECURITY%20AND%20INTERNATIONAL%20RELATIONS\/2016%20FSA%20-%20STRATEGIES%20XXI%20April%2014-15%20vol%202.pdf"},{"key":"S1935789326104686_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1175-4"}],"container-title":["Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789326104686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1935789326104686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:41:27Z","timestamp":1792572087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1935789326104686\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["S1935789326104686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2026.10468","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-7893","1938-744X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-7893","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-744X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e192"}}