{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:14:11Z","timestamp":1780679651233,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":303,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evolut. Hum. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Infant carrying and more generally load carrying may impact bipedal locomotion and thus the energy cost of the daily activities, in living people but also in our ancestors. In order to improve our knowledge of infant carrying strategies we investigate the biomechanics of infant carrying in a non-mechanised group. The Qashqai are nomadic people who still carry loads and infants habitually without any daily assistance in varied natural environments. Our analysis focuses on the sagittal kinematics using a high-speed camera (joint angles, speed, position of the centre of mass) and kinetics (ground reaction forces and displacement of the centre of mass) using a six-degree of freedom force plate. We assessed the unloaded and loaded (infant) walking of 26 Qashqai women, living in the Fars province (Iran). The results demonstrate that different mechanisms of walking exist that are related to the mode of carrying and the weight of the infant, by which step length, walking speed and the lower limb angles are not affected. The displacement of the total centre of mass remains unchanged. This supports the hypothesis that the Qashqai have developed mechanisms of load carrying that limit the increase in energy consumption. This could be related to the usual high level of daily activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/ehs.2024.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T09:47:44Z","timestamp":1730281664000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Infant-carrying mechanisms in a natural environment: the case of Qashqai nomad"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-1027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohreh","family":"Anvari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Berillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6043-7744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiaan","family":"D'Ao\u00fbt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Grimaud-Herv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahtab","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA377886"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref6","volume-title":"The sociology of Iranian nomads","author":"Askari Nuri Nik kholgh","year":"1998"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1420-0_2"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2007.10.004"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref13","volume-title":"Primate adaptation and evolution","author":"Fleagle","year":"1999"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ehs.2022.35"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00457-8"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1420-0_7"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2021.1909754"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0138","article-title":"A model of bipedal locomotion on compliant legs","volume":"338","author":"Alexander","year":"1992","journal-title":"Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Socity"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.01016.x"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.12.008"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/319668a0"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref22","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Fatness and energy cost of carrying loads in african women","volume":"8571","author":"Jones","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref4","volume-title":"Analyse du mouvement humain par la biom\u00e9canique","author":"Allard","year":"2000"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2011.02.012"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20603"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199809)107:1<71::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02381150"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111513"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138608967234"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3031724"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref9","first-page":"199","volume-title":"\u2018Normal gait\u2019 in orthopedic management of children with cerebral palsy: A comprehensive approach","author":"Bonnefoy Mazure","year":"2015"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref40","first-page":"2","article-title":"Carrying asymmetric loads while walking on a treadmill interferes with lower limb coordination","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research, Public Health"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000258646"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(03)00040-1"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(00)00102-8"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280903386411"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/375052a0"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2005.12.008"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199705001-01168"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05047"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00243-9"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref34","unstructured":"Singh, E. (2009). The effects of various methods of infant carrying on the human body and locomotion. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware."},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(200004)111:4<503::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(01)00064-9"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/202668"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref37","volume-title":"La marche humaine, La course et le saute","author":"Viel","year":"2000"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9457(99)00026-3"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref5","volume-title":"The Turkaman of Iran","author":"Asgari Kaneghah","year":"1995"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052548"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2005.11.001"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003865108"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(97)00071-5"},{"key":"S2513843X24000252_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138508963251"}],"container-title":["Evolutionary Human Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2513843X24000252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T09:48:05Z","timestamp":1730281685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2513843X24000252\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S2513843X24000252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ehs.2024.25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2513-843X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2513-843X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e36"}}