{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:07:11Z","timestamp":1790176031637,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":165,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Rev. Mol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a critical focus in cardiovascular research, with\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n models serving as essential tools for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic strategies. Despite their widespread use, the clinical relevance of these models is often assumed rather than rigorously validated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this review, we systematically examined 28 studies from the last decade that employed\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n co-culture models of MI, selected via a PubMed search according to pre-defined criteria. Each study was analysed with respect to ischaemia\/reperfusion (I\/R)-mimicking conditions applied, species and cell types used, and strategies for verifying clinical relevance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Our analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity in experimental design. Protocols for inducing I\/R stress and the duration of treatment varied widely between studies, underscoring a lack of methodological standardization. Cell sources included swine, rat, mouse and human-derived cells, with nearly half of the studies utilizing cross-species combinations \u2013 often without addressing the implications for translational validity. Verification strategies were inconsistently applied and frequently limited to basic endpoints such as cell viability and oxidative stress assays. Some studies also employed\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n models to validate\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n findings.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n To enhance translational potential, future studies should prioritize human-derived cells, standardized I\/R protocols and verification strategies that better recapitulate MI pathology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2026.10058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:26:17Z","timestamp":1781699177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current\n in vitro<\/i>\n Myocardial Infarction Co-Culture Models and their Verification for Clinical Relevance"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4279-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Lugmayr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Clinical Research Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5230-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Heub\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Clinical Research Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2383-6607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bernhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Clinical Research Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1039-8994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Mandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Clinical Research Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2222-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Charwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Clinical Research Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"container-title":["Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1462399426100581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:24:59Z","timestamp":1790173499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1462399426100581\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S1462399426100581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/erm.2026.10058","relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-3994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-3994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e41"}}