{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:06:42Z","timestamp":1793646402071,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631059200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":250,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut. Microb."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dietary fibre is an umbrella term comprising various types of carbohydrate polymers that cannot be digested nor absorbed by the human small intestine. Consumption of dietary fibre is linked to beneficial effects on cognitive and affective processes, although not all fibres produce the same effects. Fibres that increase short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production following modulation of the gut microbiota are thought to be the most potent fibres to induce effects on cognitive and affective processes. SCFAs can exert their effects by improving central, peripheral and systemic immunity, lowering hypertension and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity. Here, we propose additional mechanisms by which dietary fibres may contribute to improvements in affective and cognitive processes. Fibre-induced modulation of the gut microbiota may influence affective processes and cognition by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Depending on the physicochemical properties of dietary fibre, additional effects on affect and cognition may occur via non-microbiota-related routes, such as enhancement of the immune system and lowering cholesterol levels and subsequently lowering blood pressure. Mechanistic randomised placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the effects of dietary fibre consumption and the magnitude of explained variance in affect and cognition when incorporating measurements of microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent mechanisms in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/gmb.2021.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T02:32:57Z","timestamp":1631068377000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Dietary fibre and the gut\u2013brain axis: microbiota-dependent and independent mechanisms of action"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2423-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danique","family":"La Torre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5352-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Verbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1064-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boushra","family":"Dalile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2632289721000037_r82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180087","article-title":"Imbalance of gut microbiome and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with high blood pressure","volume":"132","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001180"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S2632289721000037_r47.1","unstructured":"European Commision (2011) Commission Regulation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S2632289721000037_r47.2","unstructured":"(EU) No 1160\/2011 of 14 November 2011 on the Authorisation and Refusal of Authorisation of Certain Health Claims Made on Foods and Referring to the Reduction of Disease Risk. 20 September 2021 Available at https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:296:0026:0028:EN:PDF."},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2421"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.04.010"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3810-0"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(97)90874-1"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r140","first-page":"20","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety disorders in patients with essential hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Vetere","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vertex"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.16.1926"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.07.013"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000492853"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(97)00180-8"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719004094"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314759"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01832"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060932"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2014.68"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.03.003"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511007252"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.126706"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2019.08.001"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03008278","article-title":"An investigation of the effects of saccharides on the memory performance of middle-aged adults","volume":"12","author":"Best","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010034"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000128"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27178"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP276431"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26242","article-title":"Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers 1-3","volume":"88","author":"Vulevic","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r130","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of inulin supplementation on intestinal barrier function and immunity in specific pathogen-free chickens with salmonella infection","volume":"2020","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-016-0529-6"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.03.014"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2014.02.011"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00416"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001378"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002225"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.12.011"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2016.09.021"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-020-0303-y"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830513Y.0000000101"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12277"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00542.x"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00045"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03911.x"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13256"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa704"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.34"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2007.08.002","article-title":"Inhibition of histone-deacetylase activity by short-chain fatty acids and some polyphenol metabolites formed in the colon","volume":"19","author":"Waldecker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.11.001"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516004086"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e328356c3f2"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r136","first-page":"509","article-title":"Effect of BETA 1, 3\/1, 6 GLUCAN on upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and mood state in marathon athletes","volume":"8","author":"Talbott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05315"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024545"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00950B"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r86","first-page":"e00554","article-title":"Wood-derived dietary fibers promote beneficial human gut microbiota","volume":"4","author":"La Rosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Science"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510004319"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.06.005"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00076.x"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640903325709"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010051"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-10"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.11.006"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.132"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.04.043"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004579"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0116-8"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(03)00490-9"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93318-H","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with pravastatin","volume":"340","author":"Lechleitner","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.038"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.09.010"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.06.011"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038971"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.06.031"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036652"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3820197"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.02.018"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203904220"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32833f1afb"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.09.033"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.10.003"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12978"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0732-x"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028330"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010026"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.44"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r53","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (2020) Food Labeling and Nutrition: Questions and Answers on Dietary Fiber. Available at https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/food-labeling-nutrition\/questions-and-answers-dietary-fiber#synthetic_fibers."},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3100858"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1055-2"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r73","volume-title":"CODEX Alimentarius (CODEX) Guidelines on Nutrition Labeling CAC\/GL 2-1985 as Last Amended 2010","year":"2010"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8887","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7115441","article-title":"An investigation of the acute effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on subjective wellbeing, mood and cognitive performance","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-012-0678-z"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(03)00569-5"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.165886"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102999108"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5041436"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00375-4"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00179-11"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470975831.ch19"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcrs.2000.0354"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.01.019"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.016"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272613"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513004261"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2019.1646975"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.10.003"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200002000-00008"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.063"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20737","article-title":"Prebiotics in chronic intestinal inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Looijer-Van Langen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802284"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.09.007"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0425-2"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r81","first-page":"737","article-title":"The association between depressive mood and cholesterol levels in korean adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean Neuropsychiatric Association"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12911"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156265","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids, prebiotics, synbiotics, and systemic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.044"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092813"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r52","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (2019) Food and Drug Administration: Food for Human Consumption. 05 November 2020 Available at https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfcfr\/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=101.81."},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-018-0412-4"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.104"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.08.014"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646919852996"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r48","unstructured":"European Commision (2012) Commission Regulation (EU) NO 432\/2012 of 16 May 2012 Establishing a List of Permitted Health Claims Made on Foods, Other Than Those Referring to the Reduction of Disease Risk and to Children\u2019s Development and Health."},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2010.02079.x"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.65"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.03.016"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0791-y"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01796.x"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.12.031"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.12.007"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041351"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r29","first-page":"G1415","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids modify colonic motility through nerves and polypeptide YY release in the rat","volume":"275","author":"Cherbut","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.08.002"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12686"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz072"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2121266"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.20"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.077"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0523-3"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322269111"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.1.30"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21177"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.04.010"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508888733"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.01.015"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.06.045"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.07.001"},{"key":"S2632289721000037_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.77"}],"container-title":["Gut Microbiome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2632289721000037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T09:00:42Z","timestamp":1699434042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2632289721000037\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":151,"alternative-id":["S2632289721000037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gmb.2021.3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2632-2897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2632-2897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"article-number":"e3"}}