{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:31:07Z","timestamp":1790353867298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":283,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glob. Ment. Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2054425122000516_sec_a1\" sec-type=\"intro\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies worldwide reported increased levels of stress among parents of children with autism due to the unique caregiving challenges. While research has shown that parents' and autistic child's demographics and behavioral characteristics are associated with psychological distress among caregivers of children with autism, very few studies have investigated the impact of the caregiver's unmet needs on various aspects of the perceived family burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2054425122000516_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms among a wide range of 146 parents with different sociodemographic characteristics, social support and unmet needs who care for children with autism spectrum disorder. These parents were recruited from autism non-governmental organizations and the National Children's Rehabilitation Center in Astana, Kazakhstan, a post-Soviet country in Central Asia. Multiple linear regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship of parental psychological distress variables with social support, unmet needs and parental and child sociodemographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2054425122000516_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significantly higher levels of stress and depression were reported among parents who perceived their needs as being unmet or extremely unmet as addressed by societal acceptance as compared to parents who reported adequate levels of needs met by social acceptance. Employed parents and parents with a higher level of perceived friends' support had less symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2054425122000516_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing public awareness about autism and providing early detection and interventions for distressed caregivers of children with autism may be helpful in improving healthy functioning of parents and the entire family.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2022.51","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T05:35:39Z","timestamp":1665466539000},"page":"472-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Stress, anxiety and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders in Kazakhstan: prevalence and associated factors"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0636-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raushan","family":"Alibekova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee","family":"Kai Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron","family":"Crape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kainar","family":"Kadyrzhanuly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnur","family":"Gusmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofiya","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sholpan","family":"Bulekbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulfiya","family":"Akhmetzhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assel","family":"Ainabekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanibek","family":"Yerubayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariza","family":"Yessimkulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aislu","family":"Bekisheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarina","family":"Ospanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makhabbat","family":"Rakhimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0497-7"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-115.3.234"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1383-9"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.10.004","article-title":"Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"35","author":"Estes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361313512902"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05021-9"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00280","article-title":"Parenting stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Ilias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316633033"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.09.507","article-title":"Parental mental health: addressing the unmet needs of caregivers for children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"55","author":"Lushin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1366825021000008639"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-016-0675-9","article-title":"Trait mindfulness attenuates the adverse psychological impact of stigma on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"8","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2018.01.001"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2010.00228.x"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2214.2000.00149.x"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-015-9446-0"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2009.00512.x"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319886513"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04455-x"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016794"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-0986-y"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref9","unstructured":"Bureau of National Statistics Agency for Strategic planning and reform Republic of Kazakhstan (2022) Available at https:\/\/stat.gov.kz\/ (Accessed 24 July 2022)."},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2846394"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113430"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2514"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci7080133"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2189-4"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01133.x"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-017-9547-z","article-title":"Stress among parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder: a comparison involving physiological indicators and parent self-reports","volume":"29","author":"Padden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2018.05.004"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12560"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00940.x"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2013.07.016"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3835-z","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationship between autism stigma and informal caregiver mental health","volume":"49","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref36","volume-title":"Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15021149.2015.1066566"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320923494"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319844636"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2018.1499879"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11030309"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901814010143"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1225"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2002.00383.x"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2430-9"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.955442"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1693-7"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-010-9218-9","article-title":"Increased psychopathology in parents of children with autism: genetic liability or burden of caregiving?","volume":"23","author":"Hodge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0313-6","article-title":"Parenting stress through the lens of different clinical groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Barroso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.08.029"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3063-y"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-013-9333-5","article-title":"The buffering effect of resilience upon stress, anxiety and depression in parents of a child with an autism spectrum disorder","volume":"25","author":"Bitsika","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref33","first-page":"10","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Russian version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)","volume":"8","author":"Kuznetsov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psikhologicheskie Issledovaniya"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0512-z"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","article-title":"The multidimensional scale of perceived social support","volume":"52","author":"Zimet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0569-7"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010799320795"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2719-3"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref60","unstructured":"World Bank (2022) World Bank open data. Available at https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/kazakhstan?view=chart (Accessed 24 July 2022)."},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000064642.41278.48"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref46","unstructured":"Psychology Foundation of Australia (2018) The National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research in Sydney Australia. Available at http:\/\/www2.psy.unsw.edu.au\/dass\/Russian\/Russian.htm (Accessed 18 January 2018)."},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180557"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S107103"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1604-y"},{"key":"S2054425122000516_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361302006001009"}],"container-title":["Global Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2054425122000516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T04:38:35Z","timestamp":1668746315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2054425122000516\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S2054425122000516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gmh.2022.51","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-4251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-4251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}