{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:04:38Z","timestamp":1787162678331,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11172889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11172889"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glob. Ment. Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2054425122000097_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-national comparisons of the prevalence of mental disorders have relied on lay-administered interviews scored using complex diagnostic algorithms. However, this approach has led to some paradoxical findings, with more vulnerable countries showing lower prevalence, and its appropriateness for cross-national comparisons has been questioned. This study used an alternative method involving simple questions from social surveys to assess the prevalence of specific depression and anxiety symptoms, and investigated their association with national indicators of human development, quality of government, mental health resources, and mental health governance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2054425122000097_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study used data on the prevalence of three symptoms indicating depression or anxiety: sadness, worry, and unhappiness. These data were taken from the Gallup World Poll (142 countries) and the World Values Survey (77 countries). National characteristics examined covered indicators of human development (income, life span, education, gender equality), quality of government (human freedom, perceptions of corruption), mental health resources (per capita numbers of psychiatrists, mental health nurses, psychologists, and social workers), and mental health governance (whether there is a national mental health plan and a mental health law).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2054425122000097_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All the human development and quality of government indicators, and some of the mental health resource indicators, were strongly associated with a lower prevalence of symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2054425122000097_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Populations of nations with higher human development, quality of government, and mental health resources have better mental health when measured by the prevalence of specific symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2022.9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T04:17:59Z","timestamp":1645157879000},"page":"65-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["National characteristics associated with prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional ecological study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1424-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony F.","family":"Jorm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8147-5838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger T.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.100"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417727356"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0056"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay0214"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.039"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2012.01521.x"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.176628"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61415-9"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.209.6.527"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867421998780"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00090-8"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420976861"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2017.07.010"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420927464"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref30","volume-title":"The Human Freedom Index 2019","author":"V\u00e0squez","year":"2019"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01901.x"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref26","unstructured":"Transparency International (2019) Corruption Perceptions Index. Available at https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/cpi\/2019\/index\/nzl (Accessed 11 January 2021)."},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.112482"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20388"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.41"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref7","volume-title":"Gallup Global Emotions","year":"2019"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref1","volume-title":"Comprehensive Meta-Analysis","author":"Borenstein","year":"2013"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref27","volume-title":"Human Development Report 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22173"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.11.033"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref32","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021) Global Health Observatory. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho (Accessed 14 October 2020)."},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref33","unstructured":"World Values Survey (2020) Online Data Analysis. Available at http:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/WVSOnline.jsp (Accessed 3 September 2020)."},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418804066"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref23","first-page":"3","volume-title":"World Happiness Report","author":"Sachs","year":"2012"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.07.016"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198429"},{"key":"S2054425122000097_ref8","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Global Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2054425122000097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T04:38:27Z","timestamp":1668746307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2054425122000097\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S2054425122000097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gmh.2022.9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-4251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-4251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}