{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:53:53Z","timestamp":1792108433391,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":188,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Camb. prisms Glob. ment. health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Problem-solving therapy (PST) is a brief psychological intervention often implemented for depression. Currently, there are no tools with well-evidenced reliability to measure PST fidelity. This pilot study aimed to measure the inter-rater reliability and agreement of the\n                    <jats:bold>Pro<\/jats:bold>\n                    blem-S\n                    <jats:bold>o<\/jats:bold>\n                    lving Therapy\n                    <jats:bold>F<\/jats:bold>\n                    idelity (PROOF) scale, comprising binary 14-item adherence and an 8-item competence subscales. Transcripts were from the TENDAI trial, a Zimbabwe-based PST intervention for depression and medication adherence. Seven transcripts were each rated by seven specialists, and two transcripts were each rated by two non-specialists. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using percent agreement and inter-rater reliability was assessed using Gwet\u2019s AC\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The PROOF subscales demonstrated promising inter-rater agreement among specialists (adherence\u00a0=\u00a090.4%, competence\u00a0=\u00a082.5%) and non-specialists (adherence\u00a0=\u00a092.9%, competence\u00a0=\u00a068.8%). Inter-rater reliability analyses yielded a Gwet\u2019s AC\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 0.411\u20130.778 and 0.619\u20130.959 for adherence and competence among specialists, and 0.529\u20131.00 for adherence in non-specialists. The PROOF scale has the potential to fill the gap of fidelity tools for PST delivery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.10034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T23:27:29Z","timestamp":1751930849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and preliminary inter-rater reliability of the new PROOF tool to measure fidelity of problem-solving therapy for depression delivered by non-specialists in a low-resource African setting"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9529-0249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lily","family":"Cooke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a9tmd77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e98"}}