{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:16:29Z","timestamp":1794003389180,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":218,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Camb. prisms Glob. ment. health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) was developed by the World Health Organization as a key tool for delivering evidence-based mental healthcare in non-specialized settings. The mhGAP-IG requires contextualization and adaptation to ensure local relevance. However, evidence on adapting the Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (CMH) module of the mhGAP-IG is limited. This study contextualized and adapted the 2016 mhGAP-IG CMH module through two workshops with local mental health experts and stakeholders, preceded by six in-depth interviews exploring the child and adolescent mental health contexts in Nairobi and Kilifi. Data were analysed in NVivo-Lumivero\u00a9 software. Interviews with mental health stakeholders revealed significant challenges in both counties, including a shortage of mental health specialists, frequent medication stockouts, stigma and inadequate resources. Key adaptations to the module included using locally acceptable terms (e.g., replacing \u2018failure to thrive\u2019 with \u2018suboptimal growth\u2019); expanding training to five days; adding the mhGAP-IG Essential Care and Practice module to address culturally sensitive communication in mental healthcare provision; streamlining referral pathways; and incorporating aspects of self-harm\/suicide and substance use linked to the CMH module content. Contextualizing the CMH module is crucial for effective implementation, but sustaining impact will require addressing systemic barriers beyond capacity-building.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.10049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T06:15:01Z","timestamp":1754547301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Contextualization and adaptation of the child and adolescent mental and behavioural disorders module of the mhGAP-IG in Kilifi and Nairobi counties in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2058-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Mkubwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibian","family":"Angwenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pacione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01f80g185","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"World Health Organization"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Nzioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maina","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuru","family":"Kibirige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kilifi County Government"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Gichuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nairobi County Government"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052gg0110","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5430-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marit","family":"Sijbrandij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University"},{"name":"KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052gg0110","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2054425125100496_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2019.04.005"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2022.100137"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-019-0312-9"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r39","unstructured":"Spagnolo, J , Champagne, F , Leduc, N , Piat, M , Melki, W , Charfi, F , Guisset, A-L , Sabatinelli, G , Guesmi, I , Trabelsi, S , Bram, N and Laporta, M (2016) Contextualizing the World Health Organization\u2019s mental health gap action program training to general practitioners working in primary care in the greater Tunis Area of Tunisia. Available at https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/324484704."},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r25","volume-title":"Kenya Mental Health Action Plan 2021\u20132025","year":"2021"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-021-01179-z"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r42","volume-title":"mhGAP Intervention Guide for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders in Non-specialized Health Settings: Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP)","volume":"2010","year":"2010"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-020-00259-z"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r43","volume-title":"mhGAP Intervention Guide for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders in Non-specialized Health Settings: Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP), 2016","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzi108"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r35","unstructured":"Republic of Kenya (2023) Mental health act, cap. 248 (Revised edition 2023). In: The Republic of Kenya C (ed). The National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney-General. Available at https:\/\/new.kenyalaw.org\/akn\/ke\/act\/1989\/10\/eng@2023-12-11"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2017.1"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r30","volume-title":"Mental Health Strategic Action Plan 2025\u20132030","year":"2025"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-018-0234-y"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r19","article-title":"Anthropology and global public health: Critical approaches and constructive solutions; anthropology and global public health","author":"Kohrt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global Mental Health: Anthropological Perspectives"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-022-00981-3"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001501"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2018.8"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r18","unstructured":"Kilifi County (2022) Kilifi County Mental and Disability Costed Action Plan (2022-2026). 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Available at https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/en\/kenya\/sub\/admin\/03__kilifi\/ (accessed 25 July 2024)."},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302079"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12963"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2025.100389"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-021-00359-x"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-024-00644-8"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05950-w"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00613-y"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22201\/fpsi.20074719e.2023.2.486"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31612-X"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-107"},{"key":"S2054425125100496_r46","unstructured":"World Population Review (2024) Nairobi Population 2024. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e92"}}