{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:52:42Z","timestamp":1792720362404,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":69,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Camb. prisms Glob. ment. health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Comprehending resilience in the face of mental health issues is important, especially for young people who deal with a variety of psychological pressures. This study aims to investigate the co-occurrence of several mental health conditions and the role of resilience as a potential intervention in youth 14\u201325\u00a0years in the Nairobi metropolitan area. We recruited 1,972 youths. The following self-administered instruments were used: resilience (ARM-R), hopelessness (BHS), depression (BDI, PHQ-9), PTSD (HTQ), loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and suicidality (C-SSRS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted on the data. The key findings are that depression and hopelessness showed a strong negative association with resilience. PTSD and recent suicidal ideation and behavior showed less negative association with resilience. Building resilience is an important intervention for the conditions reported in our study among the youth. This study contributes novel insights into the intersection of multiple psychological stressors and resilience, paving the way for more targeted, integrative mental health interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T03:52:14Z","timestamp":1741665134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resilience and its association with hopelessness, depression, loneliness, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal ideations and behavior in a cohort in the Nairobi Metropolitan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-4990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Ndetei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"formerly Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation"},{"name":"University of Nairobi"},{"name":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Mutiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"formerly Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation"},{"name":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Musyimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"formerly Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation"},{"name":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Jeremiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"formerly Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation"},{"name":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascalyne","family":"Nyamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"formerly Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation"},{"name":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Walusaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"formerly Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation"},{"name":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Onyango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"formerly Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation"},{"name":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamaldeep","family":"Bhui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford"},{"name":"World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2054425125000275_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-016-1523-y"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01401-w"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r56","volume-title":"Predictors of Psychological Well-Being, Academic Self-efficacy and Resilience in University Students, and their Impact on Academic Motivation","author":"Trpcevska","year":"2017"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02737.x"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-93878\/v2"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.055"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199202000-00008"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2019.109905"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.10.003"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4203_11"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26282-6_3"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r37","volume-title":"Self-efficacy, sense of belonging and social support as predictors of resilience in adolescents","author":"Nowicki","year":"2008"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231211104"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15427600802274019"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r44","volume-title":"Supporting Mental Health Education in Ontario Secondary Schools: A Cross-Curricular Handbook for Ontario Secondary Teachers","author":"Robinson","year":"2024"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407000417"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r31","volume-title":"The Development of an Adolescent Risk-behaviour Management Programme for Foster Parents","author":"Mmusi","year":"2020"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2020.1737292"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1980.46.1.23"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037562"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22712"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r34","first-page":"107","article-title":"8 Youth mental health in low-and middle-income countries: A Kenyan case study","volume":"10","author":"Ndetei","year":"2022a","journal-title":"Understanding Youth Mental Health: Perspectives from Theory and Practice"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r33","volume-title":"Examination of the Challenges Facing Most Vulnerable Children and the Coping Strategies in Acquiring Primary School Education in Arusha City Council","author":"Msangi","year":"2020"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.049"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20020901-06"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2023.103795"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r16","volume-title":"Posttraumatic Stress and Resilience Among Iraqi and Syrian Refugees","author":"Ipekci","year":"2021"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r43","volume-title":"Resilience Research Centre","year":"2022"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-019-00256-2"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r38","first-page":"102","article-title":"Attachment styles as predictors of substance use among secondary school students in Nairobi County, Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Odera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Practice"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191106298876"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Illustrating school-to-work transition through drawings: An exploratory study with a sample of South African students","volume":"18","author":"Chinyamurindi","year":"2020","journal-title":"SA Journal of Human Resource Management"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r60","volume-title":"Suicide \u2013 Keyfacts","year":"2024"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22473"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0383-7"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r1","volume-title":"Self Esteem and Depression Among Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Narok County, Kenya","author":"Antipas","year":"2022"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02613.x"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15425"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.32209"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00493-3"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2021.110433"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.028"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2118"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22491\/1678-4669.20220002"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r4","volume-title":"Assessment of Depression: The Depression Inventory","author":"Beck","year":"1974"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23761407.2018.1548403"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613231162154"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r3","unstructured":"Batsleer, J , Duggan, J , McNicol, S , Spray, S and Angell, K (2017) Loneliness Connects Us. e-space.mmu.ac.uk."},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r15","first-page":"285","article-title":"Harvard Trauma Questionnaire Urdu Translation: The only cross-culturally validated screening instrument for the assessment of trauma torture and their sequelae","volume":"51","author":"Halepota","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal-Pakistan Medical Association"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1157581"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs12070220"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.54.1.54"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r36","volume-title":"Promoting social and emotional learning in the classroom: A guide to evidence-based practices in low- and middle-income countries","author":"Norman","year":"2022"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.057"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r59","volume-title":"Psycho-social and Behavioural Interventions among Adolescent Students in Public Secondary Schools in Trans-nzoia county, Kenya","author":"Wangila","year":"2023"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.19225"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167213499186"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006748"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17542860802456620"},{"key":"S2054425125000275_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.675645"}],"container-title":["Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2054425125000275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T14:49:39Z","timestamp":1759848579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2054425125000275\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S2054425125000275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gmh.2025.27","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr9","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr8","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr5","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr7","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr6","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1017\/gmh.2025.27.pr2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2054-4251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-4251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e38"}}