{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:14:41Z","timestamp":1790806481978,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]],"date-time":"2014-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419811200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X14000464_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>prevalence in electronic and manual faucets and assess the influence of connecting pipes and water quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X14000464_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faucets in 4 healthcare centers in Quebec, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X14000464_abs3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Water samples from 105 electronic, 90 manual, and 14 foot-operated faucets were analyzed for<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>by culture and enzymatic detection, and swab samples from drains and aerators were analyzed by culture. Copper and residual chlorine concentrations, temperature, and flow rate were measured.<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>concentrations were analyzed in 4 consecutive volumes of cold water and a laboratory study was conducted on copper pipes and flexible hoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X14000464_abs4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>contamination was found in drains more frequently (51%) than in aerators (1%) or water (culture: 4%, enzyme detection: 16%). Prevalence in water samples was comparable between manual (14%) and 2 types of electronic faucets (16%) while higher for foot-operated faucets (29%). However, type 2 electronic faucets were more often contaminated (31%) than type 1 (14%), suggesting that faucet architecture and mitigated volume (30 mL vs 10 mL) influence<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>growth. Concentrations were 100 times higher in the first 250 mL than after flushing. Flexible hoses were more favorable to<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>growth than copper and a temperature of 40\u00b0C led to higher counts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X14000464_abs5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The types of faucets and connecting pipes, flow rate, and water quality are important parameters influencing the prevalence and the concentrations of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>in faucets. High concentrations of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>in the first 250 mL suggest increased risk of exposure when using the first flush.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1\u20139<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2014.46","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]],"date-time":"2014-12-29T14:38:04Z","timestamp":1419863884000},"page":"311-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Impact of Electronic Faucets and Water Quality on the Occurrence of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>in Water: A Multi-Hospital Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Dominique","family":"Charron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"B\u00e9dard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Lalancette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Laferri\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Pr\u00e9vost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X14000464_ref40","unstructured":"Lalancette C , B\u00e9dard E , Laferri\u00e8re C , D\u00e9ziel E , Pr\u00e9vost M . 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