{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:20:54Z","timestamp":1792232454122,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432598400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X1500121X_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate seasonal variation in the rate of surgical site infections (SSI) following commonly performed surgical procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X1500121X_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X1500121X_abs3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed 6 years (January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2012) of data from the 15 most commonly performed procedures in 20 hospitals in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network. We defined summer as July through September. First, we performed 3 separate Poisson regression analyses (unadjusted, multivariable, and polynomial) to estimate prevalence rates and prevalence rate ratios of SSI following procedures performed in summer versus nonsummer months. Then, we stratified our results to obtain estimates based on procedure type and organism type. Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of our findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X1500121X_abs4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 4,543 SSI following 441,428 surgical procedures (overall prevalence rate, 1.03\/100 procedures). The rate of SSI was significantly higher during the summer compared with the remainder of the year (1.11\/100 procedures vs 1.00\/100 procedures; prevalence rate ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04\u20131.19];<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.002). Stratum-specific SSI calculations revealed higher SSI rates during the summer for both spinal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.03) and nonspinal (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.004) procedures and revealed higher rates during the summer for SSI due to either gram-positive cocci (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.006) or gram-negative bacilli (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.004). Multivariable regression analysis and sensitivity analyses confirmed our findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X1500121X_abs5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of SSI following commonly performed surgical procedures was higher during the summer compared with the remainder of the year. Summer SSI rates remained elevated after stratification by organism and spinal versus nonspinal surgery, and rates did not change after controlling for other known SSI risk factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.<\/jats:italic>2015;36(9):1011\u20131016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]],"date-time":"2015-05-26T05:53:12Z","timestamp":1432619592000},"page":"1011-1016","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Seasonal Variation of Common Surgical Site Infections: Does Season Matter?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Durkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen V.","family":"Dicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur W.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah S.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah W.","family":"Moehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke F.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deverick J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592698"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2005.06.003"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0679-z"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/662016"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Infection. Surgical site infection (SSI) event. CDC procedure-associated module SSI. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/9pscssicurrent.pdf. Published January 2015. Modified April 2015. Accessed May 6, 2015."},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr582"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1999.tb01590.x"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00651.x"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060872"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527486"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025298"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017925"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500371"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.SPINE12572"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.11.022"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/676022"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref7","article-title":"Postoperative infection in spine surgery: does the month matter?","author":"Durkin","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/664048"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03955.x"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/658940"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20140124-23"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.33.3.603-608.1977","article-title":"The environment and the microbial ecology of human skin","volume":"33","author":"McBride","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.413"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-187"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(99)70088-X"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02866.x"},{"key":"S0899823X1500121X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.03.002"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X1500121X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T16:19:45Z","timestamp":1599063585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X1500121X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X1500121X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2015.121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]]}}}