{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:10:53Z","timestamp":1790457053279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000252_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify important risk factors for recurrent methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) to assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients for continued surveillance and follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000252_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, we examined patients with MRSA bacteremia at 122 Veterans Affairs medical facilities from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2010. Recurrent MRSA bacteremia was identified by a positive blood culture result from 2 to 180 days after index hospitalization discharge. Subset analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for early-onset (2\u201360 days after discharge) and late-onset (61\u2013180 days after discharge) recurrence. Risk factors were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000252_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 18,425 patients, 1,159 (6.3%) had recurrent MRSA bacteremia. The median time to recurrence was 63 days. Longer duration of index bacteremia, increased severity of illness, receipt of only vancomycin, community-acquired infection, and several comorbidities were risk factors for recurrence. Congestive heart failure, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis\/collagen disease were risk factors for early-onset but not late-onset recurrence. Geographic region and cardiac arrhythmias were risk factors for late-onset but not early-onset recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000252_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk factors for recurrent MRSA bacteremia included comorbidities, severity of illness, duration of bacteremia, and receipt of only vancomycin. Awareness of risk factors may be important at patient discharge for implementation of quality improvement initiatives including surveillance, follow-up, and education for high-risk patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic> 2015;00(0): 1\u20137<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T06:24:59Z","timestamp":1424067899000},"page":"543-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Determination of Risk Factors for Recurrent Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Bacteremia in a Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Population"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Justin","family":"Albertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"McDanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Carnahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Chrischilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli N.","family":"Perencevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihiko","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin L.","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.15.1763"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.070629"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05287-11"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540310016682"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.01.021"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir034"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.04.018"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314712"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.6.1619"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/668770"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502522"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540510038488"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.94856"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524667"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345476"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515152"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004075"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000091184.93122.09"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.03.011"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512627"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2398-2402.2004"},{"key":"S0899823X15000252_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345955"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; 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