{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T08:18:10Z","timestamp":1717316290028},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000288_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(MRSA) is a worldwide issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Multiple infection control (IC) approaches have been tested to control its spread; however, the success of the majority of trials has been short-lived and many efforts have failed. We report the long-term success of MRSA control from a prospective observational study over 20 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000288_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title><jats:p>University Hospital Basel is a large tertiary care center with a median bed capacity of 855 and 5 intensive care units (ICUs); currently, the facility has &gt;32,000 admissions per year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000288_abs3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The IC program at the University Hospital Basel was created in 1993, after 2 MRSA outbreaks. The program has included strict contact precautions with single rooms for MRSA-colonized or -infected patients, targeted admission screening of high-risk patients and healthcare workers at risk for carriage, molecular typing of all MRSA strains and routine decolonization of MRSA carriers including healthcare workers. We used the incidence of MRSA bloodstream infections (BSIs) to assess the effectiveness of this program. All MRSA cases were prospectively classified using a standardized case report form in nosocomial and nonnosocomial cases, based on CDC definitions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000288_abs4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1993 and 2012, 540,669 blood samples were cultured. The number of blood cultures increased from 865 per 10,000 patient days in 1993 to 1,568 per 10,000 patient days in 2012 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). We identified 1,268 episodes of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>BSI from 1,204 patients. MRSA accounted for 34 episodes (2.7%) and 24 of these (1.9%) were nosocomial. MRSA BSI incidence varied between 0 and 0.27 per 10,000 patient days and remained stable with no significant variation throughout the study period (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.882).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X15000288_abs5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long-term control of MRSA is feasible when a bundle of IC precautions is strictly enforced over time.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic>2015;00(0): 1\u20138<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.28","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T07:44:10Z","timestamp":1425023050000},"page":"702-709","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Strict Infection Control Leads to Low Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>Bloodstream Infection over 20 Years"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Andreas F.","family":"Widmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Botond","family":"Lakatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reno","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1086\/502213","article-title":"SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus","volume":"24","author":"Muto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.536"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref29","unstructured":"The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy website. http:\/\/www.swab.nl\/swab\/cms3.nsf\/uploads\/92A4904782A865F6C125764D0027911D\/$FILE\/MRSAguideline_en.pdf. Published 2007. Accessed October 10, 2014."},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656745"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3181-3186.2003"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000007173"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref30","unstructured":"The Danish Health and Medicines Authority website on MRSA, http:\/\/sundhedsstyrelsen.dk\/en\/health\/infectious-diseases\/mrsa\/guidelines. Published 2013. Accessed October 10, 2014."},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513444"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.7139"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-009-0775-8"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.10.006"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.32"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007474"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.10.001"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113849"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03466-13"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref14","first-page":"1571","article-title":"Universal glove and gown use and acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the ICU: a randomized trial","volume":"310","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01176-07"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588201"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207290"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1864"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01157-10"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520016"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.05.002"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000373"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/654003"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3005"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014783"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12028"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073096"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70295-0"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320184"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.18.2038"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1086\/512820","article-title":"Look before you leap: active surveillance for multidrug-resistant organisms","volume":"44","author":"Diekema","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510788"},{"key":"S0899823X15000288_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-008-7430-7"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X15000288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T09:53:46Z","timestamp":1566381226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X15000288\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X15000288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2015.28","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]}}}