{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:16:15Z","timestamp":1777792575256,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454371200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16000015_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to determine the frequency of <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic> chlorhexidine tolerance genes and high-level mupirocin resistance among MRSA isolates before and after the introduction of a chlorhexidine (CHG) daily bathing intervention in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16000015_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study (2005\u20132012)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16000015_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large tertiary-care center<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16000015_abs4\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>PATIENTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients admitted to SICU who had MRSA surveillance cultures of the anterior nares<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16000015_abs5\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A random sample of banked MRSA anterior nares isolates recovered during (2005) and after (2006\u20132012) implementation of a daily CHG bathing protocol was examined for <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic> genes and high-level mupirocin resistance. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic> (SCC<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>) typing was also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16000015_abs6\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 504 randomly selected isolates (63 per year), 36 (7.1%) were <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic> positive (+) and 35 (6.9%) were mupirocin resistant. Of these, 184 (36.5%) isolates were <jats:italic>SCCmec<\/jats:italic> type IV. There was a significant trend for increasing <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.02; highest prevalence, 16.9% in 2009 and 2010) and SCC<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic> type IV (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001; highest prevalence, 52.4% in 2012) during the study period. <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic>(+) MRSA isolates were more likely to be mupirocin resistant (9 of 36 [25%] <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic>(+) vs 26 of 468 [5.6%] <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic>(\u2212); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16000015_abs7\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A long-term, daily CHG bathing protocol was associated with a change in the frequency of <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic> genes in MRSA isolates recovered from the anterior nares over an 8-year period. This change in the frequency of <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic> genes is most likely due to patients in those years being exposed in prior admissions. Future studies need to further evaluate the implications of universal CHG daily bathing on MRSA <jats:italic>qacA\/B<\/jats:italic> genes among hospitalized patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic> 2016;37:590\u2013597<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T00:00:42Z","timestamp":1454371242000},"page":"590-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Prevalence of <i>qacA\/B<\/i> Genes and Mupirocin Resistance Among Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> (MRSA) Isolates in the Setting of Chlorhexidine Bathing Without Mupirocin"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"David 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