{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:16:30Z","timestamp":1791292590958,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]],"date-time":"2016-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470614400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16001756_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the impact of rapid diagnostic microarray technology and antimicrobial stewardship for patients with Gram-positive blood cultures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16001756_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective pre-intervention\/post-intervention study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16001756_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 1,200-bed academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16001756_abs4\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>PATIENTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inpatients with blood cultures positive for <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. anginosus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., and <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> during the 6 months before and after implementation of Verigene Gram-positive blood culture microarray (BC-GP) with an antimicrobial stewardship intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16001756_abs5\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before the intervention, no rapid diagnostic technology was used or antimicrobial stewardship intervention was undertaken, except for the use of peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization and MRSA agar to identify staphylococcal isolates. After the intervention, all Gram-positive blood cultures underwent BC-GP microarray and the antimicrobial stewardship intervention consisting of real-time notification and pharmacist review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16001756_abs6\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 513 patients with bacteremia were included in this study: 280 patients with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, 150 patients with enterococci, 82 patients with stretococci, and 1 patient with <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>. The number of antimicrobial switches was similar in the pre\u2013BC-GP (52%; 155 of 300) and post\u2013BC-GP (50%; 107 of 213) periods. The time to antimicrobial switch was significantly shorter in the post\u2013BC-GP group than in the pre\u2013BC-GP group: 48\u00b141 hours versus 75\u00b146 hours, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). The most common antimicrobial switch was de-escalation and time to de-escalation, was significantly shorter in the post-BC-GP group than in the pre\u2013BC-GP group: 53\u00b141 hours versus 82\u00b148 hours, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). There was no difference in mortality or hospital length of stay as a result of the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16001756_abs7\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of a rapid microarray diagnostic test with an antimicrobial stewardship intervention improved time to antimicrobial switch, especially time to de-escalation to optimal therapy, in patients with Gram-positive blood cultures.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic> 2016;1\u20136<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T09:16:10Z","timestamp":1470734170000},"page":"1361-1366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Experience With Rapid Microarray-Based Diagnostic Technology and Antimicrobial Stewardship for Patients With Gram-Positive Bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Neuner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Pallotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon W.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Stowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Procop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra S.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00053-14"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656623"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Vital signs: improving antibiotic use among hospitalized patients","volume":"63","author":"Fridkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ447"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1557"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00682-14"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit578"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit498"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00283-08"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl146"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00104-15"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01951-13"},{"key":"S0899823X16001756_ref2","unstructured":"Core elements of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs. US Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/getsmart\/healthcare\/implementation\/core-elements.html. Published 2014. Accessed, July 5, 2016."}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X16001756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T21:50:54Z","timestamp":1555624254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X16001756\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X16001756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2016.175","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]]}}}