{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:38:22Z","timestamp":1789616302591,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16002646_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscope-associated infections are reported despite following proper reprocessing methods. Microbiological testing can confirm the adequacy of endoscope reprocessing. Multiple controversies related to the method and interpretation of microbiological testing cultures have arisen that make their routine performance a complex target.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16002646_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a pilot study using disposable bronchoscopes (DBs) to simulate different reprocessing times and soaking times and to compare high-level disinfection versus ethylene oxide sterilization. We also reviewed the time to reprocessing and duration of the procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16002646_abs3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchoscopes were chosen because an alternative disposable scope is commercially available and because bronchoscopes are more prone to delays in processing. Disposable bronchoscopes were contaminated using a liquid bacterial suspension and were then incubated for 1\u20134 hours. Standard processing and high-level disinfection were performed on 36 endoscopes. Ethylene oxide sterilization was performed on 21 endoscopes. Endoscope cultures were performed using the standard \u201cbrush, flush, brush\u201d technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16002646_abs4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>After brushing was performed, a final water-flush culture procedure was the most effective method of detecting bacterial persistence on the disposable scopes. <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was the most commonly recovered organism after reprocessing. Ethylene oxide sterilization did not result in total elimination of viable bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X16002646_abs5\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Routine endoscopy cultures may be required to assess the adequacy of endoscopic processing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic> 2017;38:136\u2013142<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T03:22:43Z","timestamp":1479698563000},"page":"136-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Disposable Bronchoscope Model for Simulating Endoscopic Reprocessing and Surveillance Cultures"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Yassin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahman","family":"Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasir","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Ferrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leeanna","family":"McKibben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.02.005"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0b013e3181cd199f"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/639518"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.03.003"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.01.027"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144310"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawata N , Tanaka M , Kakushima N , et al. The low incidence of bacteremia after esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) obviates the need for prophylactic antibiotics in esophageal ESD. Surg Endoscopy 2016 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-4857-2"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref24","unstructured":"FDA recommends health care facilities transition from custom ultrasonics endoscope washer\/disinfectors to alternate reprocessing methods: FDA Safety Communication. US Food and Drug Administration website. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/MedicalDevices\/Safety\/AlertsandNotices\/ucm472462.htm. Published November 2015. Accessed December 12, 2015."},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12559"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1215086"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0b013e31829c6d5b"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref23","unstructured":"Design of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) duodenoscopes may impede effective cleaning: FDA Safety Communication. US Food and Drug Administration website. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/MedicalDevices\/Safety\/AlertsandNotices\/ucm434871.htm. Published February 2015. Accessed March 4, 2015."},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021808"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02754-15"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref16","unstructured":"Ambu aScope 3. Ambu website. http:\/\/www.ambu.com\/corp\/products\/anaesthesia\/product\/ascope_3-prod17195.aspx. Published 2015. Accessed December 14, 2015."},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref4","unstructured":"Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities. 2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hicpac\/Disinfection_Sterilization\/3_0disinfectEquipment.html. Published 2008. Accessed December 12, 2015."},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00085-12"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref14","unstructured":"RE: Information regarding the procedure for performing a presoak in detergent solution for cases of delayed reprocessing and excessive bleeding for use with Olympus flexible endoscopes. Olympus website. http:\/\/medical.olympusamerica.com\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/delayedreprodifficultoclean.pdf. Published 2014. Accessed March 28, 2016."},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-015-0104-1"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2016.01.014"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0544-6"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12720"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-101407","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of bacteremia rates and infectious complications among patients undergoing single-operator choledochoscopy during ERCP","volume":"48","author":"Thosani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"S0899823X16002646_ref2","first-page":"887","volume":"39","author":"Boudabbous","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastro Endosc Infect"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X16002646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T00:25:30Z","timestamp":1555547130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X16002646\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X16002646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2016.264","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]}}}