{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:30:05Z","timestamp":1790389805577,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17001568_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a reported worldwide increase, the incidence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> infections in the United States is unknown. Understanding the incidence and trends of ESBL infections will aid in directing research and prevention efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17001568_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To perform a literature review to identify the incidence of ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> infections in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17001568_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic literature review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17001568_abs4\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL, Cochrane library, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for multicenter (\u22652 sites), US studies published between 2000 and 2015 that evaluated the incidence of ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> or ESBL-<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> infections. We excluded studies that examined resistance rates alone or did not have a denominator that included uninfected patients such as patient days, device days, number of admissions, or number of discharges. Additionally, articles that were not written in English, contained duplicated data, or pertained to ESBL organisms from food, animals, or the environment were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17001568_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 51,419 studies examined, 9 were included for review. Incidence rates differed by patient population, time, and ESBL definition and ranged from 0 infections per 100,000 patient days to 16.64 infections per 10,000 discharges and incidence rates increased over time from 1997 to 2011. Rates were slightly higher for ESBL-<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> infections than for ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17001568_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of ESBL-<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and ESBL-<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> infections in the United States has increased, with slightly higher rates of ESBL-<jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> infections. Appropriate estimates of ESBL infections when coupled with other mechanisms of resistance will allow for the appropriate targeting of resources toward research, drug discovery, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic> 2017;38:1209\u20131215<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T09:31:28Z","timestamp":1501493488000},"page":"1209-1215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Incidence of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and <i>Klebsiella<\/i> Infections in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McDanel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Crabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Samore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Blevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Diekema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Yin","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeshwari","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Perencevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X17001568_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320182"},{"key":"S0899823X17001568_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00163-15"},{"key":"S0899823X17001568_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw283"},{"key":"S0899823X17001568_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm129"},{"key":"S0899823X17001568_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01896-13"},{"key":"S0899823X17001568_ref4","first-page":"289","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for pathogens isolated from patients in Latin American medical centers with a diagnosis of pneumonia: analysis of results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997). 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