{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:42:37Z","timestamp":1786999357503,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509321600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17002173_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For alcohol-based hand rubs, the currently recommended application time of 30 seconds is longer than the actual time spent in clinical practice. We investigated whether a shorter application time of 15 seconds is microbiologically safe in neonatal intensive care and may positively influence compliance with the frequency of hand antisepsis actions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17002173_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted in vitro experiments to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of hand rubs within 15 seconds, followed by clinical observations to assess the effect of a shortened hand antisepsis procedure under clinical conditions in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). An independent observer monitored the frequency of hand antisepsis actions during shifts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17002173_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All tested hand rubs fulfilled the requirement of equal or even significantly higher efficacy within 15 seconds when compared to a reference alcohol propan-2-ol 60% (v\/v) within 30 seconds. Microbiologically, reducing the application time to 15 seconds had a similar effect when compared to 30-second hand rubbing, but it resulted in significantly increased frequency of hand antisepsis actions (7.9\u00b14.3 per hour vs 5.8\u00b12.9 per hour;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X17002173_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time pressure and workload are recognized barriers to compliance. Therefore, reducing the recommended time for hand antisepsis actions, using tested and well-evaluated hand rub formulations, may improve hand hygiene compliance in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic>\n                      2017;38:1430\u20131434\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,29]],"date-time":"2017-10-29T22:59:35Z","timestamp":1509317975000},"page":"1430-1434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Shortening the Application Time of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs to 15 Seconds May Improve the Frequency of Hand Antisepsis Actions in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Axel","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Pittet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romana","family":"Klasinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Koburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Fusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ojan","family":"Assadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X17002173_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592218"},{"key":"S0899823X17002173_ref30","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0899823X17002173_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08426-X"},{"key":"S0899823X17002173_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.04.019"},{"key":"S0899823X17002173_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1485-5"},{"key":"S0899823X17002173_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyce JM , Pittet D . 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