{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T23:00:03Z","timestamp":1771974003916,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532649600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18001605_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine which healthcare worker (HCW) roles and patient care activities are associated with acquisition of vancomycin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> (VRE) on HCW gloves or gowns after patient care, as a surrogate for transmission to other patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18001605_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18001605_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical and surgical intensive care units at a tertiary-care academic institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18001605_abs4\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>VRE-colonized patients on Contact Precautions and their HCWs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18001605_abs5\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 94 VRE-colonized patients and 469 HCW\u2013patient interactions were observed. Research staff recorded patient care activities and cultured HCW gloves and gowns for VRE before doffing and exiting patient room.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18001605_abs6\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>VRE were isolated from 71 of 469 HCWs\u2019 gloves or gowns (15%) following patient care. Occupational\/physical therapists, patient care technicians, nurses, and physicians were more likely than environmental services workers and other HCWs to have contaminated gloves or gowns. Compared to touching the environment alone, the odds ratio (OR) for VRE contamination associated with touching both the patient (or objects in the immediate vicinity of the patient) and environment was 2.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99\u20130.77) and the OR associated with touching only the patient (or objects in the immediate vicinity) was 3.65 (95% CI, 1.17\u201311.41). Independent risk factors for transmission of VRE to HCWs were touching the patient\u2019s skin (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.15\u20134.13) and transferring the patient into or out of bed (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.15\u20136.43).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18001605_abs7\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient contact is a major risk factor for HCW contamination and subsequent transmission. Interventions should prioritize contact precautions and hand hygiene for HCWs whose activities involve touching the patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T09:39:24Z","timestamp":1532684364000},"page":"1063-1067","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Patient contact is the main risk factor for vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus<\/i> contamination of healthcare workers\u2019 gloves and gowns in the intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sarah S.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerri A.","family":"Thom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence S.","family":"Magder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen A.","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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