{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:54:37Z","timestamp":1790042077971,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18002234_abs1\" sec-type=\"objectives\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To examine neonatal risk factors associated with recurrent\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization and to determine the genetic relatedness of\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains cultured from neonates before and after decolonization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18002234_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Single-center retrospective cohort study of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from April 2013 to December 2015, during which weekly nasal cultures from hospitalized NICU patients were routinely obtained for\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      surveillance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18002234_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Johns Hopkins Hospital\u2019s 45-bed level IV NICU in Baltimore, Maryland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18002234_abs4\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Demographics and clinical data were collected on all neonates admitted to the NICU with\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      nasal colonization who underwent mupirocin-based decolonization during the study period. A decolonized neonate was defined as a neonate with \u22651 negative culture after intranasal mupirocin treatment. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used for strain typing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18002234_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 2,060 infants screened for\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 271 (13%) were colonized, and 203 of these 271 (75%) received intranasal mupirocin. Of those treated, 162 (80%) had follow-up surveillance cultures, and 63 of these 162 infants (39%) developed recurrent colonization after treatment. The\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains were often genetically similar before and after decolonization. The presence of an endotracheal tube or nasal cannula\/mask was associated with an increased risk of recurrent\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization (hazard ratio [HR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19\u20135.90; and HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.02\u20134.75, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18002234_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Strains identified before and after decolonization were often genetically similar, and the presence of invasive respiratory devices increased the risk of recurrent\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      nasal colonization in neonates. To improve decolonization efficacy, alternative strategies may be needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T07:07:17Z","timestamp":1537254437000},"page":"1334-1339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Epidemiology and risk factors for recurrent\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    colonization following active surveillance and decolonization in the NICU"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0839-568X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibukunoluwa C.","family":"Akinboyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Voskertchian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gezahegn","family":"Gorfu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua F.","family":"Betz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen C.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Milstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30517-5"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/675594"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00049-15"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008770"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.11.025"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132923"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0192-1"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009274"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477295"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.003"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501993"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00480-08"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00402-17"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207290"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5387"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.125"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.128"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.12.014"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir547"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.236"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.19.2357"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2016.10.022"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2012.102"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0966"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1526"},{"key":"S0899823X18002234_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995","article-title":"Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. 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