{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:45:00Z","timestamp":1786999500038,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18003422_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medical procedures and patient care activities may facilitate environmental dissemination of healthcare-associated pathogens such as methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18003422_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational cohort study of MRSA-colonized patients to determine the frequency of and risk factors for environmental shedding of MRSA during procedures and care activities in carriers with positive nares and\/or wound cultures. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with environmental shedding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18003422_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Veterans Affairs hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18003422_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 75 patients in contact precautions for MRSA colonization or infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18003422_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 75 patients in contact precautions for MRSA, 55 (73%) had MRSA in nares and\/or wounds and 25 (33%) had positive skin cultures. For the 52 patients with MRSA in nares and\/or wounds and at least 1 observed procedure, environmental shedding of MRSA occurred more frequently during procedures and care activities than in the absence of a procedure (59 of 138, 43% vs 8 of 83, 10%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). During procedures, increased shedding occurred \u22640.9 m versus &gt;0.9 m from the patient (52 of 138, 38% vs 25 of 138, 18%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0004). Contamination occurred frequently on surfaces touched by personnel (12 of 38, 32%) and on portable equipment used for procedures (25 of 101, 25%). By bivariate analysis, the presence of a wound with MRSA was associated with shedding (17 of 29, 59% versus 6 of 23, 26%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X18003422_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Environmental shedding of MRSA occurs frequently during medical procedures and patient care activities. There is a need for effective strategies to disinfect surfaces and equipment after procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T05:43:11Z","timestamp":1550554991000},"page":"328-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Shedding of methicillin-resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    by colonized patients during procedures and patient care activities"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Heba","family":"Alhmidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Cadnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreelatha","family":"Koganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette L.","family":"Jencson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Rutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigid M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JeanMarie","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew H.","family":"Samore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis J.","family":"Donskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X18003422_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/667730"},{"key":"S0899823X18003422_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.323"},{"key":"S0899823X18003422_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598505"},{"key":"S0899823X18003422_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.160"},{"key":"S0899823X18003422_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657944"},{"key":"S0899823X18003422_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-105"},{"key":"S0899823X18003422_ref19","unstructured":"19. Rutala WA , Weber DJ and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, 2008. Centers for Disease Control and Preention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hicpac\/pdf\/guidelines\/Disinfection_Nov_2008.pdf. Published 2008. 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