{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:02:07Z","timestamp":1756461727236},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521417600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>New studies have been published regarding the epidemiology of <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic> in topics such as asymptomatic <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> colonization, community-associated <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> infection, environmental contamination outside healthcare settings, animal colonization, and the interactions between <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> and the gut microbiome. In addition to summarizing these findings, this review offers a perspective on the potential impact of high-throughput sequencing and other potential techniques on the prevention of <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol<\/jats:italic> 2018;39:596\u2013602<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T10:04:04Z","timestamp":1521453844000},"page":"596-602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>Clostridium difficile<\/i> Exposures, Colonization, and the Microbiome: Implications for Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sara L.","family":"Revolinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Silvia","family":"Munoz-Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.035"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1012413"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.04.001"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-194"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/525047"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101267"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078445"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/143.1.42"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182307"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.10.21059"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494813481648"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089417"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00893-14"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref75","unstructured":"Revolinski SL , Wainaina N , Graham MB , Munoz-Price LS . Vertical antimicrobial stewardship to reduce C. difficile colitis in colonized patients. In: Program and abstracts of the Spring Meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA); May 18\u201320, 2016; Atlanta, GA. Abstract 8236."},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.060988"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.22"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13616"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01095-13"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-45-2-133","article-title":"The distribution of Clostridium difficile in the environment of South Wales","volume":"45","author":"al","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.121645"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2016.05.006"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.08.030"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu258"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv256"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/158601"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2008.10.001"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.04.026"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.48"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13828"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3725"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1216064"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.398"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408913"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu048"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30295"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.151115"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.10.013"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.237"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn163"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt129"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.7056"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649016"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592710"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01021-14"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.178"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06581-11"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.45.20954"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1211.051581"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164504"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.059"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176285"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3535"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j831"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.03.008"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00191"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076269"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-02-554725"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.0177"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4114"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12374"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00282.2013"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303184"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.28"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.01.003"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-21-4-299"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00477-17"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30397-8"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30514-X"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0123-6"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2016_27"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.12.011"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.07.020"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2210.151492"},{"key":"S0899823X18000363_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-12-r118"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X18000363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T21:45:51Z","timestamp":1555278351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X18000363\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X18000363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2018.36","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]}}}