{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:09:20Z","timestamp":1790759360523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559865600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19001107_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Banked human milk (BHM) has inherent infectious risks, even when pasteurized. Because of the ubiquity of\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the environment and its ability to resist the Holder pasteurization process, there is a concern that BHM might lead to severe\n                      <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19001107_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed observed and published cases to determine the potential causal role of BHM as the source of these infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19001107_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two infants in the province of Qu\u00e9bec (Canada) developed a\n                      <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      neonatal infection, and both had received BHM. We conducted bacteriological studies to compare clinical isolates and those found in these cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19001107_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After extended culture of BHM retention lots,\n                      <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found to have been involved in batches related to the first case. However, molecular typing showed that the strain was different from the clinical isolate, therefore excluding BHM as the source of contamination. In the second case, a\n                      <jats:italic>Brevibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp was isolated, a species distinct from the clinical isolate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19001107_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on these cases and others reported in the literature, a causal link between\n                      <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      contaminated BHM and preterm neonatal infection has never been documented. Therefore, the risk that BHM can cause this infection remains theoretical. Given the widespread presence of\n                      <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the hospital environment and its capacity to resist standard cleaning procedures, it seems likely that airborne or direct or indirect contact are the main sources of most, if not all, cases of severe\n                      <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                      neonatal infections, even in babies exposed to BHM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T10:13:55Z","timestamp":1559902435000},"page":"787-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["<i>Bacillus cereus<\/i>\n                    infection in neonates and the absence of evidence for the role of banked human milk: Case reports and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"Lewin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Rigourd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Picaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Perreault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Frange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Christian","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Lalancette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Delage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Germain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1072-2"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref36","first-page":"536","article-title":"Bacillus cereus bacteremia in neonatal resuscitation at ap-hp (france) in 2016","author":"Fournier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Buletin \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique hebdomadaire"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.06.001"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(85)92538-1"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.211"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12423"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref28","volume-title":"Diagnostic molecular microbiology: principles and applications","author":"Maslow","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref26","unstructured":"26. The director of the french health care product safety agency. The good pratice rules for the collection, preparation, qualification, treatment, storage, distribution and dispensing on medical prescription of human milk by the milk banks. In: Code Ph, ed. Vol L.2323-1. Paris: Dalloz; 2007."},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198702000-00019","article-title":"Non-anthrax Bacillus infections in children","volume":"6","author":"Wiedermann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4131-4136.2000","article-title":"Outbreak of Bacillus cereus infections in a neonatal intensive care unit traced to balloons used in manual ventilation","volume":"38","author":"Van Der Zwet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.161788"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.01.025"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802610336"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.3441-3444.2003"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2009.0032"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2015.02.011"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04004-6"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.6.1150"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.1.66"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051724"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.9.595"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.06.009"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref23","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Establishment and Operation of a Donor Human Milk Bank","year":"2018"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1833"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16198-9"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200310000-00008"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.07.012"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033402237909"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref24","unstructured":"24. Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE (UK). Donor breast milk banks: the operation of donor milk bank services. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Guidance 2010."},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(81)90067-0"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref11","first-page":"347","article-title":"Donor human milk in preterm infant feeding: evidence and recommendations","volume":"38","author":"Arslanoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00073-09"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.119560"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1905.120239"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211758"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref27","first-page":"24","article-title":"Recommandations pour l\u2019organisation et le fonctionnement d\u2019une banque de lait en Suisse","volume":"21","author":"Fischknecht","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatrica"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90032-4"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3249-z"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2491","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"115","author":"Gartner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0899823X19001107_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.01.043"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X19001107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T15:26:12Z","timestamp":1608218772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X19001107\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X19001107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2019.110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]}}}