{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:37:16Z","timestamp":1789659436333,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565049600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19002009_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alternatives to skin preparation with conventional preoperative antiseptics are required because of adverse reactions and the potential emergence of resistance. Here, we present 2 phase 2 studies of ZuraGard (ZG), a novel formulation of isopropyl alcohol and functional excipients developed for preoperative skin antisepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19002009_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Microbial skin flora on abdominal and inguinal sites in healthy volunteers were quantitatively assessed following application of ZG versus a negative control (ZV) and a chlorhexidine\/alcohol preparation, Chloraprep (CP). In trial 1, ZG administered for both recommended and abbreviated application times was compared with CP and ZV via bacterial reductions at 10 minutes, and 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours following application. In trial 2, the 10-minute postapplication responder rates (RRs) for ZG, participants with abdominal \u22652 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      per cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and inguinal \u22653 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      per cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      reductions in colony-forming units (CFU) were compared to RRs of participants treated with CP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19002009_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In trial 1, ZG at the recommended application time reduced mean bacterial counts by ~3.18 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      CFU\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and ~2.98 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      CFU\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      at abdominal and inguinal sites, respectively. Qualitatively similar reductions were observed for the abbreviated ZG application time and all CP applications. Application of ZV was ineffective. In trial 2, 10-minute RRs for ZG and CP exceeded 90% at abdominal sites. At inguinal sites, RRs were 83.3% for ZG and 86.7% for CP. No skin irritation or other adverse events were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19002009_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ZG matched CP efficacy under these experimental conditions with immediate and persistent microbial reductions, including abbreviated application times. Further clinical studies of this novel preoperative antiseptic are merited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T05:38:49Z","timestamp":1565069929000},"page":"1157-1163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy and safety of a novel antimicrobial preoperative skin preparation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Crnich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora E.","family":"Pop-Vicas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2058-240X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Hedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trish M.","family":"Perl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref23","unstructured":"23. ASTM. E1173-15: standard test method for evaluaton of preoperative, precatheterization, or preinjection skin preparations. ASTM International website. https:\/\/standards.globalspec.com\/std\/9935734\/ASTM%20E1173. Published 2015. Accessed July 3, 2019."},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.10.029"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.18614"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02053.x"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-018-0630-0"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.155140"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30448-6"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref22","first-page":"58799","article-title":"Tentative final monograph for health-care antiseptic drug products","volume":"59","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fed Register"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm395"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref18","unstructured":"18. Adapted from GHX Database; Global Healthcare Exchange Market Intelligence Medical\/Surgical Product Schema 2017. 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ICH harmonized tripartite guideline: guideline for good clinical practice E6 (R1) International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use website. Available from: https:\/\/www.ich.org\/fileadmin\/Public_Web_Site\/ICH_Products\/Guidelines\/Efficacy\/E6\/E6_R1_Guideline.pdf. Published 1996. 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Healthcare Cost and Utilization project website. https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/statbriefs\/sb223-Ambulatory-Inpatient-Surgeries-2014.pdf. Published 2017. Accessed July 3, 2019."},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044277"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.05.017"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir233"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501572"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13269"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.116"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.029"},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref11","unstructured":"11. Scott, RD. The direct medical costs of healthcare-associated infections in US hospitals and the benefits of prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hai\/pdfs\/hai\/scott_costpaper.pdf. Published 2009. Accessed July 3, 2019."},{"key":"S0899823X19002009_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.155138"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X19002009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T05:38:44Z","timestamp":1627623524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X19002009\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X19002009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2019.200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]]}}}