{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:49:00Z","timestamp":1781563740544,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19003672_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In light of the infection risk associated with external ventricular drainage (EVD), we decided to establish the surveillance of EVD-associated meningitis\/ventriculitis in German intensive care units (ICUs) in the framework of the German national nosocomial infection surveillance system (KISS). Here, we present the current reference data and subsequent risk-factor analysis for EVD-associated meningitis\/ventriculitis rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19003672_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The surveillance method corresponds with the surveillance methods for device-associated infections recommended by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). All ICUs participating for at least 1 month from 2008 to 2016 in the module ICU-KISS were included in the reference dataset and the multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19003672_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current reference data (2008\u20132016) are based on input from 157 ICUs. The mean EVD-associated meningitis\/ventriculitis rate per 1,000 EVD days was 3.96, with little variation between neurosurgical, surgical, interdisciplinary (hospitals with &gt;400 beds), and neurological ICUs. In total, 893 EVD-associated meningitis\/ventriculitis cases and 225,351 EVD days were included in the risk-factor analysis. After multivariate analysis, 2 factors remained significant: (1) stay in an ICU labeled other than neurosurgical, surgical, interdisciplinary (&gt;400 beds), and neurological as a protective factor and (2) EVD utilization rate above the 75th quantile as a risk factor for acquisition of EVD-associated meningitis\/ventriculitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X19003672_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>EVD-associated meningitis and ventriculitis are frequent complications of care in intensive care patients at risk. A long hospital stay and\/or the presence of the EVD puts the patient at high risk for pathogen acquisition with subsequent infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T09:33:01Z","timestamp":1578648781000},"page":"452-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Surveillance of external ventricular drainage-associated meningitis and ventriculitis in German intensive care units"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7693-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christin","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Gastmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Geffers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/671724"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0224-8"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050708"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31828e8dfd"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502236"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507823"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp420"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.01.034"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00861-18"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/708531"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.6.JNS09223"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316415"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001019"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref9","unstructured":"9. Reference data for neurosurgical intensive care untits. Krankenhaus Infektions Surveillance System. Nationales Referenzzentrum f\u00fcr f\u00fcr Surveillance von nosokomialen Infektionen website. http:\/\/www.nrz-hygiene.de\/surveillance\/kiss\/its-kiss\/infektionen\/. Published 2017. Accessed June 26, 2018."},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.04.017"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0712-z"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.01.014"},{"key":"S0899823X19003672_ref31","unstructured":"31. Greater Glasgow and Clyde Paediatric Guidelines website. http:\/\/www.clinicalguidelines.scot.nhs.uk\/ggc-paediatric-guidelines\/ggc-guidelines\/intensive-and-critical-care\/extra-ventricular-device-guideline-evd\/. Published 2018. 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External ventricular drains and intracranial pressure monitoring. The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital Melbourne website. https:\/\/www.rch.org.au\/rchcpg\/hospital_clinical_guideline_index\/External_Ventricular_Drains_and_Intracranial_Pressure_Monitoring\/ Date of publication unlcear. 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