{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:55:43Z","timestamp":1762102543057,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600819200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20012209_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibody was evaluated among employees of a Veterans Affairs healthcare system to assess potential risk factors for transmission and infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20012209_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>All employees were invited to participate in a questionnaire and serological survey to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 as part of a facility-wide quality improvement and infection prevention initiative regardless of clinical or nonclinical duties. The initiative was conducted from June 8 to July 8, 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20012209_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 2,900 employees, 51% participated in the study, revealing a positive SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 4.9% (72 of 1,476; 95% CI, 3.8%\u20136.1%). There were no statistically significant differences in the presence of antibody based on gender, age, frontline worker status, job title, performance of aerosol-generating procedures, or exposure to known patients with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) within the hospital. Employees who reported exposure to a known COVID-19 case outside work had a significantly higher seroprevalence at 14.8% (23 of 155) compared to those who did not 3.7% (48 of 1,296; OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 2.67\u20137.68; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001). Notably, 29% of seropositive employees reported no history of symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20012209_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among employees was not significantly different among those who provided direct patient care and those who did not, suggesting that facility-wide infection control measures were effective. Employees who reported direct personal contact with COVID-19\u2013positive persons outside work were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Employee exposure to SARS-CoV-2 outside work may introduce infection into hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T03:07:09Z","timestamp":1600830429000},"page":"392-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among Veterans Affairs healthcare system employees suggests higher risk of infection when exposed to SARS-CoV-2 outside the work environment"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7509-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek E.","family":"Dimcheff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Schildhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Mark S.","family":"Hausman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda M.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Markovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Chensue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne F.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0899823X20012209_ref7","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.11160"},{"key":"S0899823X20012209_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.06.004","article-title":"Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York","volume":"48","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0899823X20012209_ref9","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.16451"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0899823X20012209_ref3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31484-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0899823X20012209_ref8","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12897"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0899823X20012209_ref4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0949-6"},{"key":"S0899823X20012209_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05926-8","article-title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers at a tertiary academic hospital in New York City","volume":"35","author":"Mansour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0899823X20012209_ref5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.067"},{"key":"S0899823X20012209_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104512","article-title":"Performance of six SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays in comparison with microneutralisation","volume":"129","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"S0899823X20012209_ref1","first-page":"e00941","article-title":"Performance characteristics of the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay and seroprevalence in Boise, Idaho","volume":"202058","author":"Bryan","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X20012209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T14:34:02Z","timestamp":1618583642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X20012209\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X20012209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.1220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0899-823X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-6834"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}