{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:05:55Z","timestamp":1762999555788,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20000185_as1\"><jats:title>Objectives and design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Italian national point-prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) were used to evaluate antimicrobial usage (AMU) in Italy and to identify targets for future interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20000185_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The second Italian PPS was conducted in 2016 as part of the European PPS initiated by the ECDC. We compared these results with those of the first national survey, conducted in 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20000185_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>An overall AMU prevalence of 44.5% (95% CI, 43.7\u201345.3) was estimated in 2016. No significant change in AMU prevalence was detected when comparing data with the first survey. In both surveys, the most prevalent indication for AMU was the treatment of infections. Considering all indications, penicillins plus \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) were the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial group in 2016; they were used significantly more than in 2011, and piperacillin plus BLI was the most frequently used agent. Broad-spectrum agents accounted for &gt;60% of all antimicrobials for systemic use. No significant increase in the use of carbapenems occurred in 2016. Stable or decreasing carbapenem-resistance levels were identified in this study, although these levels remain alarmingly high for both <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (50%) and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> (&gt;75%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20000185_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results can be used to identify priorities and targets for interventions that promote more prudent use of antimicrobials, improve healthcare quality and patient safety, and combat the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T11:18:39Z","timestamp":1581419919000},"page":"579-584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Point prevalence data on antimicrobial usage in Italian acute-care hospitals: Evaluation and comparison of results from two national surveys (2011\u20132016)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costanza","family":"Vicentini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Quattrocolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"D\u2019Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Corcione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Ricchizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Giuseppe","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Maria","family":"Zotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14822.1"},{"volume-title":"Guidelines for ATC Classification and DDD Assignment 2019","year":"2018","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref9"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.08.009"},{"volume-title":"Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae","year":"2016","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref19"},{"volume-title":"Antimicrobial Consumption\u2014Annual Epidemiological Report for 2017","year":"2018","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref14"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref23","unstructured":"23. National action plan on antimicrobial resistance 2017\u20132020 [in Italian]. Italian Ministry of Health website. http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2660_allegato.pdf. Published 2017. Accessed October 15, 2019."},{"volume-title":"Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Europe\u2014Annual Report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) 2017","year":"2018","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref17"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref6","unstructured":"6. Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale\u2014Regione Emilia-Romagna. Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in Italian acute care hospitals [in Italian]. Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale website. http:\/\/assr.regione.emilia-romagna.it\/it\/servizi\/pubblicazioni\/rapporti-documenti\/studio-di-prevalenza-europeo-sulle-infezioni-correlate-allassistenza-e-sulluso-di-antibiotici-negli-ospedali-per-acuti. Published 2012. Accessed October 15, 2019."},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref11","unstructured":"11. Dipartimento Scienze della Salute Pubblica e Pediatriche, Universit\u00e0 di Torino. Second point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in Italian acute care hospitals [in Italian]. Italian Ministry of Health website. http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2791_allegato.pdf. Published 2018. Accessed October 15, 2019."},{"volume-title":"EU Guidelines for the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Human Health","year":"2017","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref3"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref10","first-page":"5017","article-title":"ECDC, EFSA, and EMA Joint Scientific Opinion on a list of outcome indicators as regards surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in humans and food-producing animals","volume":"15","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis","volume":"3099","author":"Cassini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"volume-title":"Point Prevalence Survey of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use in European Acute Care Hospitals","year":"2013","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref4"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meropenem versus piperacillin-tazobactam for definitive treatment of bloodstream infections due to ceftriaxone non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp (the MERINO trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","author":"Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Trials"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.23.46.1800393"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0259-z"},{"volume-title":"Drug-Resistant Infections: A Threat to Our Economic Future","year":"2017","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref1"},{"volume-title":"WHO Guidelines for Safe Surgery 2009: Safe Surgery Saves Lives","year":"2009","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref12"},{"volume-title":"ECDC Country Visit to Italy to Discuss Antimicrobial Resistance Issues","year":"2017","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref13"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.46.20316-en"},{"volume-title":"Point Prevalence Survey of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use in European Acute Care Hospitals\u2013Protocol Version 5.3","year":"2016","key":"S0899823X20000185_ref7"},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref22","unstructured":"22. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. The Role of Public Health Organizations in Addressing Public Health Problems in Europe. The Case of Obesity, Alcohol and Antimicrobial Resistance. Health Policy Series, No. 51. Copenhagen (Denmark): European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies; 2018. ISBN-13: 9789289051712. World Health Organization 2018 (acting as the host organization for, and secretariat of, the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies)."},{"key":"S0899823X20000185_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.45.30062"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X20000185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T09:17:01Z","timestamp":1604567821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X20000185\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X20000185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0899-823X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-6834"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]}}}